This file documents MAILUTILS, library API. Published by the Free Software Foundation, 59 Temple Place - Suite 330 Boston, MA 02111-1307, USA Copyright 1999, 2000 Free Software Foundation, Inc. Permission is granted to make and distribute verbatim copies of this manual provided the copyright notice and this permission notice are preserved on all copies. Permission is granted to copy and distribute modified versions of this manual under the conditions for verbatim copying, provided that the entire resulting derived work is distributed under the terms of a permission notice identical to this one. Permission is granted to copy and distribute translations of this manual into another language, under the above conditions for modified versions, except that this permission notice may be stated in a translation approved by the Foundation. This document was produced for version 0.0.9b of GNU MAILUTILS. Introduction ************ GNU MAILUTILS offers a general purpose library whose aim is to provide a rich set of functions for accessing different mailbox formats and mailers. References ========== For more information on, * SMTP - `RFC 2821: Simple Mail Transfer Protocol' - `RFC 2368: The mailto URL scheme' * POP3 - `RFC 1939: Post Office Protocol - Version 3' - `RFC 1734: POP3 AUTHentication command' - `RFC 1957: Some Observations on Implementations of the Post Office Protocol (POP3)' - `RFC 2449: POP3 Extension Mechanism' - `RFC 2384: POP URL Scheme' * IMAP4 - `RFC 2060: INTERNET MESSAGE ACCESS PROTOCOL - VERSION 4rev1' - `RFC 2088: IMAP4 non-synchronizing literals' - `RFC 2193: IMAP4 Mailbox Referrals' - `RFC 2221: IMAP4 Login Referrals' - `RFC 2342: IMAP4 Namespace' - `RFC 2192: IMAP URL Scheme' - `RFC 1731: IMAP4 Authentication Mechanisms' - `RFC 2245: Anonymous SASL Mechanism' * message formats - `RFC 2822: Internet Message Format' - `RFC 2045: Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions (MIME) Part One: Format of Internet Message Bodies' - `RFC 2046: Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions (MIME) Part Two: Media Types' - `RFC 2047: Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions (MIME) Part Three: Message Header Extensions for Non-ASCII Text' - `RFC 2049: Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions (MIME) Part Five: Conformance Criteria and Examples' - `RFC 2111: Content-ID and Message-ID Uniform Resource Locators' * miscellaneous related topics - `RFC 3028: Sieve: A Mail Filtering Language' - `RFC 2298: An Extensible Message Format for Message Disposition Notifications' - `RFC 1738: Uniform Resource Locators (URL)' - `Internet Email Protocols: A Developer's Guide, by Kevin Johnson' Concrete API ************ POP3 ==== `/* Prefix *pop3_* is reserved */' `#include ' The purpose of the Post Office Protocol Version 3 (POP3) is to permit a client to download a maildrop from a remote server. It does not provide complex or extensive operation on the maildrop. When the client successfully authenticates, the server acquires an exclusive access lock on the mailbox and holds it the entire duration of the session. After the authentication, the session enters transaction state and the client may issues commands to access messages in the mailbox. * Authorization state * User * Pass * Quit * Capa (extension) * Auth (extension) * Transaction state * Stat * List * Retr * Dele * Noop * Rset * Top * Uidl (extension) * Quit * Capa (extension) When the command Quit is issue the session enters the update state. The servers removes all messages marked deleted, releases the exclusive lock and closes the TCP connection. Commands -------- An opaque structure POP3_T is use as a handle for the session, it is allocated and initialized by calling `pop3_create ()'. All Functions will wait for a reply from the POP3 server before returning. The duration of the wait can be set by calling `pop3_set_timeout ()', the default is 10 minutes(1). Once a successful connection is established with `pop3_connect ()', two builtins authentications are provided `pop3_apop ()' or `pop3_user ()'/`pop3_pass ()'. The `pop3_stat ()' and `pop3_list ()' functions can be use to get the number and size of messages. Downloading of messages is done via a stream provided by `pop3_retr ()' or `pop3_top ()'(2). The `stream_t' should be destroyed to indicate to the library that the action is finished. POP3 only provide a single channel for operation, it means only one operation can be done at a time, all the functions will return MU_ERROR_OPERATION_IN_PROGRESS if call during another operation. The functions `pop3_list_all ()', `pop3_uidl_all ()' and `pop3_capa ()' return iterators `pop3_list_current ()', `pop3_uidl_current ()' are provided as cover function to format the string return by `iterator_current ()', `iterator_destroy ()' must be call to release any resources. In a multithreaded application, only one thread should access POP3_T handles. Initialization .............. - Function: int pop3_create (pop3_t * POP3) Allocate and initialize a POP3 handle. `MU_ERROR_NO_MEMORY' `MU_ERROR_INVALID_PARAMETER' - Function: void pop3_destroy (pop3_t *POP3) When a POP3 session is finished, the structure must be `free ()''ed to reclaim memory. - Function: int pop3_connect (pop3_t, const char *HOST, unsigned PORT, int FLAGS) A connection is established by calling `pop3d_open ()', the previous connection is close first. If non-blocking the function should be recalled until the return value is not MU_ERROR_TRY_AGAIN or MU_ERROR_IN_PROGRESS. `MU_ERROR_NO_MEMORY' `MU_ERROR_INVALID_PARAMETER' `MU_ERROR_IO' `MU_ERROR_IN_PROGRESS' `MU_ERROR_TRY_AGAIN' `MU_ERROR_OPERATION_DENIED' `MU_ERROR_TIMEOUT' `MU_ERROR_NO_LOCK' Carrier ....... - Function: int pop3_set_carrier (pop3_t, stream_t CARRIER); The type of stream use to contact as server will be set to CARRIER in the POP3_T handle. Any previous CARRIER stream in the handle, will be close and release. `MU_ERROR_INVALID_PARAMETER' - Function: int pop3_get_carrier (pop3_t, stream_t *CARRIER); Return the POP3_T carrier. If none was set, a new tcp stream will be created. `MU_ERROR_INVALID_PARAMETER' `MU_ERROR_NO_MEMORY' Apop .... - Function: int pop3_apop (pop3_t, const char *USER, const char *SECRET) Apop offers an alternative to User/Pass authentication. For intermittent use of POP3, like checking for new mail, it is the preferred the authentication. It reduces the risk of password capture. The USER and the shared SECRET are pass to `pop3_apop ()', the MD5 digest is calculated by applying the times tamp given by the server in the greeting followed by the SECRET. `MU_ERROR_INVALID_PARAMETER' `MU_ERROR_IO' `MU_ERROR_TIMEOUT' `MU_ERROR_TRY_AGAIN' `MU_ERROR_OPERATION_DENIED' Capa .... - Function: int pop3_capa (pop3_t, pop3_capa_iterator_t *ITERATOR) The Capa command is send to the sever and the list of capabilities is return in an ITERATOR. `iterator_current ()' gives an allocated string that should be `free ()''ed. *Caution:* The iterator must be destroy after use, it will discard any remaining responses from CAPA and clear the way for new operations. `MU_ERROR_INVALID_PARAMETER' `MU_ERROR_IO' `MU_ERROR_TIMEOUT' `MU_ERROR_TRY_AGAIN' `MU_ERROR_OPERATION_DENIED' #include #include #include void print_capabilities (pop3_t pop3) { iterator_t iterator; status = pop3_capa (pop3, &iterator); if (status == 0) { for (iterator_first (iterator); !iterator_is_done (iterator); iterator_next (iterator)) { char *capa; if (iterator_current (iterator, &capa) == 0) {; printf ("CAPA: %s\n", capa); free (capa); } } pop3_capa_destroy (&iterator); } else printf ("NONE\n"); } Dele .... - Function: int pop3_dele (pop3_t, unsigned MSGNO) Sends a Dele to the servers who will mark the MSGNO for deletion. The MSGNO may not refer to a message already marked deleted. If successful any future reference to MSGNO in other operations will be an error, unless unmarked by RSET. `MU_ERROR_INVALID_PARAMETER' `MU_ERROR_IO' `MU_ERROR_TIMEOUT' `MU_ERROR_TRY_AGAIN' `MU_ERROR_OPERATION_DENIED' List .... - Function: int pop3_list (pop3_t, unsigned MSGNO, size_t *SIZE) Sends a List for a specific MSGNO and returns the SIZE. `MU_ERROR_INVALID_PARAMETER' `MU_ERROR_IO' `MU_ERROR_TIMEOUT' `MU_ERROR_TRY_AGAIN' `MU_ERROR_OPERATION_DENIED' - Function: int pop3_list_all (pop3_t, iterator_t *ITERATOR) Sends A List with no argument to the server. The ITERATOR must be destroy after use, it will discard any remaining response from LIST and clear the way for new operations. A cover function `pop3_list_current ()' around to scan properly the string return by the `iterator_current ()'. #include #include #include void print_list (pop3_t pop3) { iterator_t iterator; status = pop3_list_all (pop3, &iterator); if (status == 0) { for (iterator_first (iterator); !iterator_is_done (iterator); iterator_next (iterator)) { unsigned int msgno, size; if (pop3_list_current (iterator, &msgno, &size) == 0) { printf ("LIST: %d %d\n", msgno, size); } } iterator (&iterator); } else printf ("NONE\n"); } `MU_ERROR_INVALID_PARAMETER' `MU_ERROR_IO' `MU_ERROR_TIMEOUT' `MU_ERROR_TRY_AGAIN' `MU_ERROR_OPERATION_DENIED' - Function: int pop3_list_current (pop3_t, unsigned int *MSGNO, size_t *SIZE) Cover functions around `iterator_current ()' from an iterator created by `pop3_list_all ()' to format the result. `MU_ERROR_INVALID_PARAMETER' `MU_ERROR_IO' `MU_ERROR_TIMEOUT' `MU_ERROR_TRY_AGAIN' `MU_ERROR_OPERATION_DENIED' Noop .... - Function: int pop3_noop (pop3_t) Sends a NOOP, useful to reset the timeout on the server. `MU_ERROR_INVALID_PARAMETER' `MU_ERROR_IO' `MU_ERROR_TIMEOUT' `MU_ERROR_TRY_AGAIN' `MU_ERROR_OPERATION_DENIED' Pass .... - Function: int pop3_pass (pop3_t, const char *PASSWD) Sends the PASS, to authenticate after the USER command. `MU_ERROR_INVALID_PARAMETER' `MU_ERROR_IO' `MU_ERROR_TIMEOUT' `MU_ERROR_TRY_AGAIN' `MU_ERROR_OPERATION_DENIED' Quit .... - Function: int pop3_quit (pop3_t) Enter the UPDATE state. The server will delete all messages marked deleted before closing the connection. `MU_ERROR_INVALID_PARAMETER' `MU_ERROR_IO' `MU_ERROR_TIMEOUT' `MU_ERROR_TRY_AGAIN' `MU_ERROR_OPERATION_DENIED' Retr .... - Function: int pop3_retr (pop3_t, unsigned MSGNO, stream_t *) If successful a `stream_t' is created to allow downloading of the message, byte-stuff lines or handle internally, CRLFs are converted to LF. All other operations will fail until the stream is destroyed by the caller. #include #include int print_message (pop3_t pop3, unsigned int msgno) { stream_t stream; int status = pop3_retr (pop3, msgno, &stream); if (status == 0) { size_t n = 0; char buf[128]; while ((stream_readline (stream, buf, sizeof buf, &n) == 0) && n) printf ("%s", buf); stream_release (stream); } return status; } `MU_ERROR_INVALID_PARAMETER' `MU_ERROR_IO' `MU_ERROR_TIMEOUT' `MU_ERROR_TRY_AGAIN' `MU_ERROR_OPERATION_DENIED' Rset .... - Function: int pop3_rset (pop3_t) Sends a RSET to unmark the messages marked as deleted. `MU_ERROR_INVALID_PARAMETER' `MU_ERROR_IO' `MU_ERROR_TIMEOUT' `MU_ERROR_TRY_AGAIN' `MU_ERROR_OPERATION_DENIED' Stat .... - Function: int pop3_stat (pop3_t, unsigned MSGNO, unsigned *MSG_COUNT, size_t *SIZE) The number of messages in the mailbox and the size of the mailbox in octets. *Caution:* The size is in RFC822 where line termination is CRLF, messages marked as deleted are not counted in either total. `MU_ERROR_INVALID_PARAMETER' `MU_ERROR_IO' `MU_ERROR_TIMEOUT' `MU_ERROR_TRY_AGAIN' `MU_ERROR_OPERATION_DENIED' Top ... - Function: int pop3_top (pop3_t, unsigned int MSGNO, unsigned int LINES, stream_t *STREAM) If successful a `stream' is created to allow downloading of the header, byte-stuff lines or handle internally, CRLFs are converted to LF. All other operations will failed until the stream is destroyed by the caller. #include #include int print_top (pop3_t pop3, unsigned int msgno, unsigned int lines) { stream_t stream; int status = pop3_top (pop3, msgno, lines, &stream); if (status == 0) { size_t n = 0; char buf[128]; while ((stream_readline (stream, buf, sizeof buf, &n) == 0) && n) printf ("%s", buf); stream_release (stream); } return status; } `MU_ERROR_INVALID_PARAMETER' `MU_ERROR_IO' `MU_ERROR_TIMEOUT' `MU_ERROR_TRY_AGAIN' `MU_ERROR_OPERATION_DENIED' Uidl .... - Function: int pop3_uidl (pop3_t, unsigned int MSGNO, char **UIDL) The Uniq Identifier is return in UIDL, the string must be `free ()''ed, by the caller. `MU_ERROR_INVALID_PARAMETER' `MU_ERROR_IO' `MU_ERROR_TIMEOUT' `MU_ERROR_TRY_AGAIN' `MU_ERROR_OPERATION_DENIED' - Function: int pop3_uidl_all (pop3_t, iterator_t * ITERATOR) An `iterator' object is return to iterate through the response and must be destroyed by the caller. #include #include #include void print_uidl (pop3_t pop3) { iterator_t iterator; status = pop3_uidl_all (pop3, &iterator); if (status == 0) { for (iterator_first (iterator); !iterator_is_done (iterator); iterator_next (iterator)) { unsigned int msgno; char *uidl; if (pop3_uidl_current (iterator, &msgno, &uidl) == 0) { printf ("LIST: %d %s\n", msgno, uidl); free (uidl); } } iterator (&iterator); } else printf ("NONE\n"); } `MU_ERROR_INVALID_PARAMETER' `MU_ERROR_IO' `MU_ERROR_TIMEOUT' `MU_ERROR_TRY_AGAIN' `MU_ERROR_OPERATION_DENIED' - Function: int pop3_uidl_current (iterator_t ITERATOR, unsigned int *MSGNO, char **UIDL) Cover functions around `iterator_current ()' from an iterator created by `pop3_uidl_all ()' to format the result. The variable UIDL should be `free ()''ed. `MU_ERROR_INVALID_PARAMETER' `MU_ERROR_IO' `MU_ERROR_TIMEOUT' `MU_ERROR_TRY_AGAIN' `MU_ERROR_OPERATION_DENIED' User .... - Function: int pop3_user (pop3_t, const char *USER) Sends the User command. `MU_ERROR_INVALID_PARAMETER' `MU_ERROR_IO' `MU_ERROR_TIMEOUT' `MU_ERROR_TRY_AGAIN' `MU_ERROR_OPERATION_DENIED' Help functions .............. - Function: int pop3_writeline (pop3_t, const char *FORMAT, ...); Copy in the internal buffer of `pop3_t' the string, `pop3_send ()' should be called later to flush the string to the POP3 server. `MU_ERROR_INVALID_PARAMETER' `MU_ERROR_IO' `MU_ERROR_TIMEOUT' `MU_ERROR_TRY_AGAIN' `MU_ERROR_OPERATION_DENIED' - Function: int pop3_sendline (pop3_t, const char *CMD); Cover function for `pop3_writeline ()' and `pop3_send ()'. `MU_ERROR_INVALID_PARAMETER' `MU_ERROR_IO' `MU_ERROR_TIMEOUT' `MU_ERROR_TRY_AGAIN' `MU_ERROR_OPERATION_DENIED' - Function: int pop3_send (pop3_t, const char *CMD); Flushes out the strings written by `pop3_writeline ()' in the internal buffer to the channel. `MU_ERROR_INVALID_PARAMETER' `MU_ERROR_IO' `MU_ERROR_TIMEOUT' `MU_ERROR_TRY_AGAIN' `MU_ERROR_OPERATION_DENIED' - Function: int pop3_response (pop3_t, char *BUFFER, size_t LEN, size_t *PLEN) The last response from the last command is save and can be examine after a failure or success. `MU_ERROR_INVALID_PARAMETER' `MU_ERROR_IO' `MU_ERROR_TIMEOUT' `MU_ERROR_TRY_AGAIN' `MU_ERROR_OPERATION_DENIED' Timeout ....... - Function: int pop3_set_timeout (pop3_t, int TIMEOUT) Set the timeout time for I/O on the carrier. The default is 10 minutes. The TIMEOUT is given in milliseconds. - Function: int pop3_get_timeout (pop3_t, int *TIMEOUT) Get the timeout time for I/O on the carrier. The TIMEOUT is given in milliseconds. ---------- Footnotes ---------- (1) *Caution:* Although the `RFC 1939' specifies that the minimum default timeout is ten minutes many servers has shorter idle period, care should be taken to at least send a `pop3_noop ()' between lengthy period of times. (2) *Caution:* Some Internet Service Providers do not permit to leave mail on server and the message will be deleted once downloaded. IMAP4 ===== `/* Prefix *imap4_* is reserved */' `#include ' Internet Message Access Protocol - Version (4rev1). Not implemented. Commands -------- Initialization .............. - Function: int imap4_create (imap4_t *) - Function: int imap4_open (imap4_t, const char *HOSTNAME, unsigned int PORT, int FLAGS) - Function: int imap4d_set_timeout (imap4_t, unsigned int SECONDS) Append ...... - Function: int imap4_append (imap4_t) Capability .......... - Function: int imap4_capability (imap4_t) Create ...... - Function: int imap4_create_mailbox (imap4_t, const char *MBOX) Check ..... - Function: int imap4_check (imap4_t) Close ..... - Function: int imap4_close (imap4_t) Copy .... - Function: int imap4_copy (imap4_t) UID Copy ........ - Function: int imap4_uid_copy (imap4_t) Delete ...... - Function: int imap4_delete (imap4_t) Fetch ..... - Function: int imap4_fetch (imap4_t) UID Fetch ......... - Function: int imap4_uid_fetch (imap4_t) Examine ....... - Function: int imap4_examine (imap4_t) Expunge ....... - Function: int imap4_expunge (imap4_t) List .... - Function: int imap4_list (imap4_t) Lsub .... - Function: int imap4_lsub (imap4_t) Namespace ......... - Function: int imap4_namespace (imap4_t) Rename ...... - Function: int imap4_rename (imap4_t) Search ...... - Function: int imap4_search (imap4_t) UID Search .......... - Function: int imap4_uid_search (imap4_t) Select ...... - Function: int imap4_select (imap4_t) Status ...... - Function: int imap4_status (imap4_t) Store ..... - Function: int imap4_store (imap4_t) UID Store ......... - Function: int imap4_uid_store (imap4_t) Subscribe ......... - Function: int imap4_subscribe (imap4_t) Unsubscribe ........... - Function: int imap4_unsubscribe (imap4_t) Mbox ==== `/* Prefix *mbox_* is reserved */' `#include ' The most common mailbox format on UNIX platform is *mbox*. Mbox file is messages separated by the special format string. From SP envelope-sender SP date [SP moreinfo] `"From "' is sometimes call the *From_*. `envelope-sender' is a word with no space. `date' has the same format as `asctime ()' `moreinfo' are optional values that are seldom used. A MBOX_T is created, initialized and destroyed by `mbox_create ()' and `mbox_destroy ()'. When opening, `mbox_open ()' will do a quick check to see if the format is a valid format or an empty file. The scanning of the mailbox is done by `mbox_scan ()'. The function, `mbox_scan ()', takes callback functions called during the scanning to provide information. The scanning will cache some of the headers fields for speed. Closing the mailbox, `mbox_close ()' will free any resources like, headers cache, locks etc ... All the messages with attributes marked deleted will only be removed on `mbox_expunge ()'. If only the attributes need to be save but the messages not removed, this can be done by `mbox_save_attributes ()'. New messages are added with `mbox_append ()'. Attributes are saved in the *Status:* header field, Read is 'R', Seen is 'O', Deleted is 'd' and Reply is 'r'. Initialization .............. - Function: int mbox_create (mbox_t *MBOX) Allocate and initialize a MBOX handle. `MU_ERROR_NO_MEMORY' `MU_ERROR_INVALID_PARAMETER' - Function: void mbox_destroy (mbox_t MBOX) When a POP3 session is finished, the structure must be `free ()''ed to reclaim memory. Carrier ....... - Function: int mbox_set_carrier (mbox_t, stream_t CARRIER); Another type of stream can be provided to work on, the CARRIER is set in the MBOX_T handle. Any previous CARRIER stream in the handle, will be close and release. Since the parsing code maintain only the offsets off the message the CARRIER stream must be seekable. `MU_ERROR_INVALID_PARAMETER' - Function: int mbox_get_carrier (mbox_t, stream_t *CARRIER); Return the MBOX_T carrier. If none was set, a new file stream will be created. `MU_ERROR_INVALID_PARAMETER' `MU_ERROR_NO_MEMORY' - Function: int mbox_open (mbox_t, const char *FILENAME, int FLAGS) Open carrier stream with FILENAME and FLAGS. The stream will be quickly examine to see if it is a mbox format. `MU_ERROR_INVALID_PARAMETER' `MU_ERROR_NO_MEMORY' `MU_ERROR_NO_ENTRY' `MU_ERROR_NO_ACCESS' `MU_ERROR_NOT_SUPPORTED' - Function: int mbox_close (mbox_t) Close the carrier stream and resources particular to the mailbox. `MU_ERROR_INVALID_PARAMETER' `MU_ERROR_NO_MEMORY' - Function: int mbox_uidnext (mbox_t, unsigned long *UIDNEXT) Return the uidnext, if the MBOX_T was not scan `mbox_scan ()' is called first. `MU_ERROR_INVALID_PARAMETER' `same as `mbox_scan ()'' - Function: int mbox_uidvalidity (mbox_t, unsigned long *UIDVALIDITY) Return the uidvalidity, if the MBOX_T was not scan `mbox_scan ()' is called first. `MU_ERROR_INVALID_PARAMETER' `same as `mbox_scan ()'' - Function: int mbox_get_attribute (mbox_t, unsigned int MSGNO, attribute_t *ATTRIBUTE) Return an ATTRIBUTE to indicate the status of message number MSGNO. `MU_ERROR_INVALID_PARAMETER' `MU_ERROR_NO_MEMORY' - Function: int mbox_get_separator (mbox_t, unsigned int MSGNO, char **SEP) Return an allocated string in SEP containing the value "From " separating each message in Unix mbox format. The string should be `free ()'ed by the caller. `MU_ERROR_INVALID_PARAMETER' `MU_ERROR_NO_MEMORY' - Function: int mbox_set_separator (mbox_t, unsigned int MSGNO, const char *SEP) The variable SEP should contain a valid "From " separator that will be use when the expunging. `MU_ERROR_INVALID_PARAMETER' `MU_ERROR_NO_MEMORY' - Function: int mbox_get_hstream (mbox_t, unsigned int MSGNO, stream_t *STREAM) Return a STREAM to read the header of message MSGNO. The STREAM should be destroy after usage. `MU_ERROR_INVALID_PARAMETER' `MU_ERROR_NO_MEMORY' - Function: int mbox_set_hstream (mbox_t, unsigned int MSGNO, stream_t STREAM) Use STREAM when expunging for message MSGNO. `MU_ERROR_INVALID_PARAMETER' - Function: int mbox_set_hsize (mbox_t, unsigned int MSGNO, unsigned int *SIZE) Return the SIZE of message MSGNO. `MU_ERROR_INVALID_PARAMETER' - Function: int mbox_set_hlines (mbox_t, unsigned int MSGNO, unsigned int *SIZE) Return the number of LINES of message MSGNO. `MU_ERROR_INVALID_PARAMETER' - Function: int mbox_get_bstream (mbox_t, unsigned int MSGNO, stream_t *STREAM) Return a STREAM to read the body of message MSGNO. The STREAM should be destroy after usage. `MU_ERROR_INVALID_PARAMETER' `MU_ERROR_NO_MEMORY' - Function: int mbox_set_bstream (mbox_t, unsigned int MSGNO, stream_t STREAM) Use STREAM when expunging for message MSGNO. `MU_ERROR_INVALID_PARAMETER' - Function: int mbox_set_bsize (mbox_t, unsigned int MSGNO, unsigned int *SIZE) Return the SIZE of message MSGNO. `MU_ERROR_INVALID_PARAMETER' - Function: int mbox_set_blines (mbox_t, unsigned int MSGNO, unsigned int *SIZE) Return the number of LINES of message MSGNO. `MU_ERROR_INVALID_PARAMETER' - Function: int mbox_get_size (mbox_t, unsigned int *SIZE) Return the SIZE of mailbox. `MU_ERROR_INVALID_PARAMETER' - Function: int mbox_save (mbox_t) Save the changes to the messages back to the mailbox, but do not remove messages mark for deletion in the process. `MU_ERROR_INVALID_PARAMETER' - Function: int mbox_mak_deleted (mbox_t, unsigned int MSGNO) Mark MSGNO for deletion. `MU_ERROR_INVALID_PARAMETER' - Function: int mbox_unmak_deleted (mbox_t, unsigned int MSGNO) Unmark MSGNO if it was marked for deletion. `MU_ERROR_INVALID_PARAMETER' - Function: int mbox_expunge (mbox_t) Save the changes to the mailbox and in the process remove all messages marked for deletion. `MU_ERROR_INVALID_PARAMETER' - Function: int mbox_append (mbox_t, const char *SEP, stream_t STREAM) Append to the mailbox an rfc822 message represented by STREAM. The variable SEP should contain a valid "From " separator or NULL to get the default. `MU_ERROR_INVALID_PARAMETER' - Function: int mbox_append_hb (mbox_t, const char *SEP, stream_t HSTREAM, stream_t BSTREAM) Append to the mailbox an rfc822 message represented by a header, HSTREAM, and a body, BSTREAM. The variable SEP should contain a valid "From " separator or NULL to get the default. `MU_ERROR_INVALID_PARAMETER' - Function: int mbox_scan (mbox_t, unsigned int start, unsigned int *COUNT) Start scanning the mailbox for new messages. The variable START can be a message number starting point. The result of the scanning will be in COUNT. The scanning will trigger the `mbox_newmsg_cb()' callback for each new message and `mbox_progress_cb ()' at different interval to notify progression. The return values of the those callback should be 0 is different then 0 the scanning will be stop an the function returns MU_ERROR_INTERRUPTED. `MU_ERROR_INVALID_PARAMETER' `MU_ERROR_INTERRUPTED' `MU_ERROR_NO_MEMORY' - Function: int mbox_set_progress_cb (mbox_t, int (*CALLBACK) (int, void *)), void *ARG) Set the callback function for progress. The variable ARG will be pass back in the callback as the second argument. `MU_ERROR_INVALID_PARAMETER' - Function: int mbox_set_newmsg_cb (mbox_t, int (*CALLBACK) (int, void *)), void *ARG) Set the callback function for new messages. The variable ARG will be pass back in the callback as the second argument. `MU_ERROR_INVALID_PARAMETER' Mh == `/* Prefix *mh_* is reserved */' `#include ' Mail Handler mailbox format. Not implemented. Maildir ======= `/* Prefix *maildir_* is reserved */' `#include ' QMail mailbox format. Not implemented. SMTP ==== `/* Prefix *smtp_* is reserved */' `#include ' Simple Mail Transfer Protocol. Not implemented. Commands -------- Initialization .............. - Function: int smtp_create (smtp_t *) - Function: void smtp_destroy (smtp_t *) - Function: int smtp_open (smtp_t, const char *HOST, unsigned int PORT, int FLAGS) Data .... - Function: int smtp_data (smtp_t, stream_t STREAM) Helo .... - Function: int smtp_helo (smtp_t, const char *DOMAIN) - Function: int smtp_ehlo (smtp_t, const char *DOMAIN) Expn .... - Function: int smtp_expn (smtp_t, const char *LIST, iterator_t *) Help .... - Function: int smtp_help (smtp_t, const char *HELP, iterator_t *) Mail From ......... - Function: int smtp_mail_from (smtp_t, const char *ADDRESS, const char *PARAM) Noop .... - Function: int smtp_noop (smtp_t) Quit .... - Function: int smtp_quit (smtp_t) Recpt To ........ - Function: int smtp_rcpt_to (smtp_t, const char *ADDRESS, const char *PARAM) Reset ..... - Function: int smtp_reset (smtp_t) Verify ...... - Function: int smtp_verify (smtp_t, const char *USER) Help functions .............. - Function: extern int smtp_readline (smtp_t, char *BUFFER, size_t LEN, size_t *LEN) - Function: extern int smtp_response (smtp_t, char *BUFFER, size_t LEN, size_t *LEN) - Function: extern int smtp_writeline (smtp_t, const char *FORMAT, ...) - Function: extern int smtp_sendline (smtp_t, const char *LINE) - Function: extern int smtp_send (smtp_t Sendmail ======== `/* Prefix *sendmail_* is reserved */' `#include ' Spawning Sendmail daemon to deliver mail. Not implemented. NNTP ==== `/* Prefix *nntp_* is reserved */' `#include ' Network News Transfer Protocol. Not implemented. Commands -------- Initialization .............. - Function: int nntp_create (nnpt_t *) - Function: int nntp_destroy (nnpt_t *) - Function: int nntp_open (nnpt_t) Article ....... - Function: int nntp_article (nnpt_t) Body .... - Function: int nntp_body (nntp_t) Group ..... - Function: int nntp_group (nntp_t) Head .... - Function: int nntp_head (nntp_t) Help .... - Function: int nntp_help (nntp_t) IHave ..... - Function: int nntp_ihave (nntp_t) Last .... - Function: int nntp_last (nntp_t) List .... - Function: int nntp_list (nntp_t) NewGroups ......... - Function: int nntp_newgroups (nntp_t) NewNews ....... - Function: int nntp_newnews (nntp_t) Next .... - Function: int nntp_next (nntp_t) Post .... - Function: int nntp_post (nntp_t) Quit .... - Function: int nntp_quit (nntp_t) Slave ..... - Function: int nntp_slave (nntp_t) Stat .... - Function: int nntp_stat (nntp_t) Parse822 ======== `/* Prefix *parse822_* is reserved */' `#include ' Internet Message Format, see Address node for the discussion. - Function: int parse822_address_list (address_t* a, const char* s) - Function: int parse822_mail_box (const char** p, const char* e, address_t* a) - Function: int parse822_group (const char** p, const char* e, address_t* a) - Function: int parse822_address (const char** p, const char* e, address_t* a) - Function: int parse822_route_addr (const char** p, const char* e, address_t* a) - Function: int parse822_route (const char** p, const char* e, char** route) - Function: int parse822_addr_spec (const char** p, const char* e, address_t* a) - Function: int parse822_unix_mbox (const char** p, const char* e, address_t* a) - Function: int parse822_local_part (const char** p, const char* e, char** local_part) - Function: int parse822_domain (const char** p, const char* e, char** domain) - Function: int parse822_sub_domain (const char** p, const char* e, char** sub_domain) - Function: int parse822_domain_ref (const char** p, const char* e, char** domain_ref) - Function: int parse822_domain_literal (const char** p, const char* e, char** domain_literal) - Function: int parse822_quote_string (char** quoted, const char* raw) - Function: int parse822_quote_local_part (char** quoted, const char* raw) - Function: int parse822_field_body (const char** p, const char *e, char** fieldbody) - Function: int parse822_field_name (const char** p, const char *e, char** fieldname) Framework ********* Wherever the mail is and whatever format it is stored in, the same operations to manipulate emails are common. To unified the C API, GNU mailutils offers a heteroclite set of objects that work in aggregation to do operations on emails. Each object do a specific task and delegates non related tasks to others. The object comes alive by specifying a *URL* parameter when created, it will indicate the storage format or protocol (POP3, IMAP4, MH, MAILDIR, etc ..). folder_t url_t -/var/mail- +- .. ->+-----------------+ +-->+------------+ ( alain *-)-+ | | url_t *-|---+ | port | ----------- | | |-----------------| | hostname | ( jakob *-)-+--+ | auth_t *-|---+ | file | ----------- | |-----------------| | | ... | ( jeff *-)-+ | stream_t | | +------------+ ----------- | |-----------------| | ( shaleh*-)-+ | ..... | | auth_t ---------- |-----------------| +-->+------------+ +---|-* mailbox_t[] | | ticket_t | mailbox_t | +-----------------+ +------------+ +----------------+<-+ | locker_t *--|-------------+ |----------------| | | url_t | | locker_t |----------------| +-------->+---------+ | stream_t | | lock | |----------------| | unlock | | message_t[] *-|-------+ +---------+ +----------------+ | envelope_t | +-------->+-----------+ message_t | | | date | +----------------+<------+ | | from | | envelope_t *-|------------------+ | to | |----------------| header_t +-----------+ | header_t *-|------------>+--------------+ |----------------| | stream_t | | body_t *-|----+ +--------------+ +----------------+ | body_t +-->+--------------+ | stream_t | +--------------+ For example writing a simple `from' command that will list the *From* and *Subject* headers of every mail in a mailbox. /* sfrom, Simple From */ #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #define BUFFER_SIZE 64 int main (int argc, const char **argv) { char from[BUFFER_SIZE]; char subject[BUFFER_SIZE]; char *mail; mailbox_t mbox; int status size_t msgno, total = 0; mail = (argc == 2) ? argv[1] : getenv ("MAIL"); /* Register the type of mailbox. IMAP4, POP3 and local format */ { list_t registrar; registrar_get_list (®istrar); list_append (registrar, imap_record); list_append (registrar, path_record); list_append (registrar, pop_record); } status = mailbox_create (&mbox, mail); if (status != 0) { fprintf (stderr, "mailbox_create: %s\n", strerror (status)); exit (EXIT_FAILURE); } status = mailbox_open (mbox, MU_STREAM_READ); if (status != 0) { fprintf (stderr, "mailbox_open: %s\n", strerror (status)); exit (EXIT_FAILURE); } mailbox_messages_count (mbox, &total); for (msgno = 1; msgno <= total; msgno++) { message_t msg; header_t hdr; if ((status = mailbox_get_message (mbox, msgno, &msg)) != 0 || (status = message_get_header (msg, &hdr)) != 0) { fprintf (stderr, "Error message:%s\n", strerror (status)); exit (EXIT_FAILURE); } status = header_get_value (hdr, MU_HEADER_FROM, from, sizeof (from), NULL); if (status != 0) strcpy (from, "(NO FROM)"); status = header_get_value (hdr, MU_HEADER_SUBJECT, subject, sizeof (subject), NULL); if (status != 0) strcpy (subject, "(NO SUBJECT)"); printf ("%s\t%s\n", from, subject); } mailbox_close (mbox); mailbox_destroy (&mbox); return 0; } % MAIL=pop://alain@localhost ./sfrom Passwd: xxxx Jim Meyering fetish(shellutils) beta Franc,ois Pinard recode new alpha ... Folder ====== `/* Prefix *folder_* is reserve */' `#include ' folder_t url_t -/var/mail- +---//---->/-----------------\ +-->/-----------\ ( alain *-)-+ | | url_t *-|----+ | port | ----------- | | |-----------------+ | hostname | ( jakob *-)-+--+ | observer_t *-| | file | ----------- | |-----------------+ | ... | ( jeff *-)-+ | stream_t | \-----------/ ----------- | |-----------------| ( sean *-)-+ | auth_t | ---------- |-----------------| | mailbox_t(1) | |-----------------| | mailbox_t(2) | | ...... | | mailbox_t(n) | \-----------------/ - Function: int folder_create (folder_t *, const char *URL) - Function: void folder_destroy (folder_t *) - Function: int folder_open (folder_t, int FLAG) - Function: int folder_close (folder_t) - Function: int folder_delete (folder_t, const char *MAILBOX) - Function: int folder_rename (folder_t, const char *, const char *MAILBOX) - Function: int folder_subscribe (folder_t, const char *MAILBOX) - Function: int folder_unsubscribe (folder_t, const char *MAILBOX) - Function: int folder_list (folder_t, const char *REF, const char *WCARD, iterator_t *) - Function: int folder_lsub (folder_t, const char *REF, const char *WCAR, iterator_t *) - Function: int folder_get_stream (folder_t, stream_t *) - Function: int folder_set_stream (folder_t, stream_t) - Function: int folder_get_observable (folder_t, observable_t *) - Function: int folder_get_debug (folder_t, debug_t *) - Function: int folder_set_debug (folder_t, debug_t) - Function: int folder_get_authority (folder_t, authority_t *) - Function: int folder_set_authority (folder_t, authority_t) - Function: int folder_get_url (folder_t, url_t *) - Function: int folder_set_url (folder_t, url_t) Mailbox ======= `/* Prefix *mailbox_* is reserved */' `#include ' - Data Type: mailbox_t The `mailbox_t' object is used to hold information and it is an opaque data structure to the user. Functions are provided to retrieve information from the data structure. mailbox_t url_t -/var/mail- +---//---->/-----------------\ +-->/-----------\ ( alain ) | | url_t *-|----+ | port | ----------- | |-----------------+ | hostname | ( jakob *-)----+ | observer_t *-| | file | ----------- |-----------------+ | ... | ( jeff ) | stream_t | \-----------/ ----------- |-----------------| ( sean ) | locker_t | ---------- |-----------------| | message_t(1) | |-----------------| | message_t(2) | | ...... | | message_t(n) | \-----------------/ - Function: int mailbox_append_message (mailbox_t MBOX, message_t MESSAGE) The MESSAGE is appended to the mailbox MBOX. The return value is `0' on success and a code number on error conditions: `MU_ERROR_INVALID_PARAMETER' MBOX is null or MESSAGE is invalid. - Function: int mailbox_close (mailbox_t MBOX) The stream attach to MBOX is closed. The return value is `0' on success and a code number on error conditions: `MU_ERROR_INVALID_PARAMETER' MBOX is null. - Function: int mailbox_create (mailbox_t *PMBOX, const char *NAME) The function `mailbox_create' allocates and initializes PMBOX. The concrete mailbox type instantiate is based on the scheme of the url NAME. The return value is `0' on success and a code number on error conditions: `MU_ERROR_INVALID_PARAMETER' The url NAME supplied is invalid or not supported. PMBOX is NULL. `ENOMEM' Not enough memory to allocate resources. - Function: int mailbox_create_default (mailbox_t *PMBOX, const char *NAME) Create a mailbox with `mailbox_create ()' based on the environment variable *$MAIL* or the string formed by *_PATH_MAILDIR*/USER" or *$LOGNAME* if USER is null, - Function: void mailbox_destroy (mailbox_t *PMBOX) Destroys and releases resources held by PMBOX. - Function: int mailbox_expunge (mailbox_t MBOX) All messages marked for deletion are removed. The return value is `0' on success and a code number on error conditions: `MU_ERROR_INVALID_PARAMETER' MBOX is null. - Function: int mailbox_get_folder (mailbox_t MBOX, folder_t *FOLDER) Get the FOLDER. The return value is `0' on success and a code number on error conditions: `MU_ERROR_INVALID_PARAMETER' MBOX is null. - Function: int mailbox_get_debug (mailbox_t MBOX, debug_t *DEBUG) Get a debug object. The return value is `0' on success and a code number on error conditions: `MU_ERROR_INVALID_PARAMETER' MBOX is null. `ENOMEM' - Function: int mailbox_get_locker (mailbox_t MBOX, locker_t *PLOCKER) Return the LOCKER object. The return value is `0' on success and a code number on error conditions: `MU_ERROR_INVALID_PARAMETER' MBOX is null. - Function: int mailbox_get_message (mailbox_t MBOX, size_t MSGNO, message_t *PMESSAGE) Retrieve message number MSGNO, PMESSAGE is allocated and initialized. The return value is `0' on success and a code number on error conditions: `MU_ERROR_INVALID_PARAMETER' MBOX is null or MSGNO is invalid. `ENOMEM' Not enough memory. - Function: int mailbox_get_observable (mailbox_t mbox MBOX, observable_t*OBSERVABLE) Get the observable object. The return value is `0' on success and a code number on error conditions: `MU_ERROR_INVALID_PARAMETER' MBOX is null. `ENOMEM' Not enough memory. - Function: int mailbox_get_property (mailbox_t MBOX, property_t *PROPERTY) Get the property object. The return value is `0' on success and a code number on error conditions: `MU_ERROR_INVALID_PARAMETER' MBOX is null. `ENOMEM' - Function: int mailbox_get_size (mailbox_t MBOX, off_t *PSIZE) Gives the MBOX size. The return value is `0' on success and a code number on error conditions: `MU_ERROR_INVALID_PARAMETER' MBOX is null. - Function: int mailbox_get_stream (mailbox_t MBOX, stream_t *PSTREAM) The mailbox stream is put in PSTREAM. The return value is `0' on success and a code number on error conditions: `MU_ERROR_INVALID_PARAMETER' MBOX is invalid or PSTREAM is NULL. - Function: int mailbox_get_ticket (mailbox_t MBOX, ticket_t TICKET) The return value is `0' on success and a code number on error conditions: `MU_ERROR_INVALID_PARAMETER' MBOX is null. - Function: int mailbox_get_url (mailbox_t MBOX, url_t *PURL) Gives the constructed URL. The return value is `0' on success and a code number on error conditions: `MU_ERROR_INVALID_PARAMETER' MBOX is null. - Function: int mailbox_is_modified (mailbox_t MBOX) Check if the mailbox been modified by an external source. The return value is `0' on success and a code number on error conditions: `MU_ERROR_INVALID_PARAMETER' MBOX is null. - Function: int mailbox_message_unseen (mailbox_t MBOX, size_t *PNUMBER); Give the number of first unseen message in MBOX. The return value is `0' on success and a code number on error conditions: `MU_ERROR_INVALID_PARAMETER' MBOX is null. - Function: int mailbox_messages_count (mailbox_t MBOX, size_t *PNUMBER); Give the number of messages in MBOX. The return value is `0' on success and a code number on error conditions: `MU_ERROR_INVALID_PARAMETER' MBOX is null. - Function: int mailbox_messages_recent (mailbox_t MBOX, size_t *PNUMBER); Give the number of recent messages in MBOX. The return value is `0' on success and a code number on error conditions: `MU_ERROR_INVALID_PARAMETER' MBOX is null. - Function: int mailbox_open (mailbox_t MBOX, int FLAG) A connection is open, if no stream was provided, a stream is created based on the MBOX type. The FLAG can be OR'ed. See `stream_create' for FLAG's description. The return value is `0' on success and a code number on error conditions: `EAGAIN' `EINPROGRESS' Operation in progress. `EBUSY' Resource busy. `MU_ERROR_INVALID_PARAMETER' MBOX is null or flag is invalid. `ENOMEM' Not enough memory. - Function: int mailbox_scan (mailbox_t MBOX, size_t MSGNO, size_t *PCOUNT); Scan the mailbox for new messages starting at message MSGNO. The return value is `0' on success and a code number on error conditions: `MU_ERROR_INVALID_PARAMETER' MBOX is null. `ENOMEM' Not enough memory. - Function: int mailbox_set_locker (mailbox_t MBOX, locker_t LOCKER) Set the type of locking done by the MBOX. The return value is `0' on success and a code number on error conditions: `MU_ERROR_INVALID_PARAMETER' MBOX is null. - Function: int mailbox_set_stream (mailbox_t MBOX, stream_t STREAM) Set the STREAM connection to use for the mailbox. The return value is `0' on success and a code number on error conditions: `MU_ERROR_INVALID_PARAMETER' MBOX or STREAM is NULL. - Function: int mailbox_set_ticket (mailbox_t MBOX, ticket_t TICKET) The TICKET will be set on the `auth_t' object on creation. The return value is `0' on success and a code number on error conditions: `MU_ERROR_INVALID_PARAMETER' MBOX is null. - Function: int mailbox_uidnext (mailbox_t MBOX, size_t *PNUMBER); Give the next predicted uid for MBOX. The return value is `0' on success and a code number on error conditions: `MU_ERROR_INVALID_PARAMETER' MBOX is null. - Function: int mailbox_uidvalidity (mailbox_t MBOX, size_t *PNUMBER); Give the uid validity of MBOX. The return value is `0' on success and a code number on error conditions: `MU_ERROR_INVALID_PARAMETER' MBOX is null. Mailer ====== `/* Prefix *mailer_* is reserved */' `#include ' The API is still shaky and undefined. - Function: int mailer_create (mailer_t *, const char *) - Function: void mailer_destroy (mailer_t *) - Function: int mailer_open (mailer_t, int flags) - Function: int mailer_close (mailer_t) - Function: int mailer_send_message (mailer_t, message_t) - Function: int mailer_get_property (mailer_t, property_t *) - Function: int mailer_get_stream (mailer_t, stream_t *) - Function: int mailer_set_stream (mailer_t, stream_t) - Function: int mailer_get_debug (mailer_t, debug_t *) - Function: int mailer_set_debug (mailer_t, debug_t) - Function: int mailer_get_observable (mailer_t, observable_t *) - Function: int mailer_get_url (mailer_t, url_t *) Message ======= `#include ' `/* Prefix *message_* is reserve */' The `message_t' object is a convenient way to manipulate messages. It encapsulates the `envelope_t', the `header_t' and the `body_t'. mailbox_t __________ message_t (message[1]) +------>+-----------------------+ ---------- | | envelope_t | (message[2]) | |-----------------------| ---------- | | header_t | (message[3])--------+ |-----------------------| ---------- | body_t | (message[n]) |-----------------------| ---------- | attribute_t | |-----------------------| | stream_t | +-----------------------+ - Function: void message_create (message_t *MSG, void *OWNER) - Function: void message_destroy (message_t *MSG, void *OWNER) The resources allocate for MSG are freed. - Function: int message_get_header (message_t MSG, header_t *PHEADER) Retrieve MSG header. - Function: int message_set_header (message_t MSG, header_t HEADER, void *OWNER) - Function: int message_get_body (message_t MSG, body_t *PBODY) - Function: int message_set_body (message_t MSG, body_t BODY, void *OWNER) - Function: int message_is_multipart (message_t MSG) Return non-zero value if message is multi-part. - Function: int message_get_num_parts (message_t MSG, size_t *nparts) - Function: int message_get_part (message_t MSG, size_t part, message_t *msg) - Function: int message_get_stream (message_t MSG, stream_t *PSTREAM) - Function: int message_set_stream (message_t MSG, stream_t STREAM,void *OWNER ) - Function: int message_get_attribute (message_t MSG, attribute_t *PATTRIBUTE) - Function: int message_set_attribute (message_t MSG, attribute_t ATTRIBUTE, void *owner) - Function: int message_get_envelope (message_t MSG, envelope_t *penvelope) - Function: int message_set_envelope (message_t MSG, envelope_t envelope, void *OWNER) - Function: int message_get_uid (message_t MSG, size_t *UID) - Function: int message_get_uidl (message_t MSG, char *BUFFER, size_t BUFLEN, size_t *PWRITEN) - Function: int message_set_uidl (message_t MSG, int (*_GET_UIDL)(message_t, char *, size_t, size_t *), void *OWNER) - Function: int message_get_observable (message_t MSG, observable_t *OBSERVABLE) - Function: int message_create_attachment (const char *CONTENT_TYPE, const char *ENCODING, const char *FILENAME, message_t *NEWMSG) - Function: int message_save_attachment (message_t MSG, const char *FILENAME, void **DATA) - Function: int message_encapsulate (message_t MSG, message_t *NEWMSG, void **DATA) - Function: int message_unencapsulate (message_t MSG, message_t *NEWMSG, void **DATA); Envelope ======== `/* Prefix *envelope_* is reserved */' `#include ' - Function: int envelope_date (envelope_t, char *, size_t, size_t *); Get the date that the message was delivered to the mailbox, in something close to ANSI ctime() format: Mon Jul 05 13:08:27 1999. - Function: int envelope_sender (envelope_t, char *, size_t, size_t *); Get the address that this message was reportedly received from. This would be the "mail from" argument if the message was delivered or received via SMTP, for example. - Function: int envelope_get_message (envelope_t, message_t *); - Function: int envelope_create (envelope_t *, void *); Primarily for internal use. - Function: void envelope_destroy (envelope_t *, void *); Primarily for internal use. - Function: int envelope_set_sender (envelope_t, int (*_sender) __P ((envelope_t, char *, size_t, size_t*)), void *); Primarily for internal use. The implementation of envelope_t depends on the mailbox type, this allows the function which actually gets the sender to be set by the creator of an envelope_t. - Function: int envelope_set_date (envelope_t, int (*_date) __P ((envelope_t, char *, size_t, size_t *)), void *); Primarily for internal use. The implementation of envelope_t depends on the mailbox type, this allows the function which actually gets the date to be set by the creator of an envelope_t. Headers ======= `/* Prefix *header_* is reserved */' `#include ' So far we plan support for RFC822 and plan for RFC1522. with RFC1522 non ASCII characters will be encoded. - Function: int header_create (header_t *HDR, const char *BLURB, size_t LEN, void *OWNER) Initialize a HDR to a supported type. If BLURB is not NULL, it is parsed. - Function: void header_destroy (header_t *HDR, void *OWNER) The resources allocated for HDR are freed. - Function: int header_set_value (header_t HDR, const char *FN, const char *FV, size_t n, int REPLACE) Set the field-name FN to field-value FV of size N in HDR. If REPLACE is non-zero the initial value is replaced, if zero it is appended. Some basic macros are already provided for rfc822. `MU_HDR_RETURN_PATH' Return-Path `MU_HDR_RECEIVED' Received `MU_HDR_DATE' Date `MU_HDR_FROM' From `MU_HDR_RESENT_FROM' Resent-From `MU_HDR_SUBJECT' Subject `MU_HDR_SENDER' Sender `MU_HDR_RESENT_SENDER' Resent-SENDER `MU_HDR_TO' To `MU_HDR_RESENT_TO' Resent-To `MU_HDR_CC' Cc `MU_HDR_RESENT_CC' Resent-Cc `MU_HDR_BCC' Bcc `MU_HDR_RESENT_BCC' Resent-Bcc `MU_HDR_REPLY_TO' Reply-To `MU_HDR_RESENT_REPLY_TO' Resent-Reply-To `MU_HDR_MESSAGE_ID' Message-ID `MU_HDR_RESENT_MESSAGE_ID' Resent-Message-ID `MU_HDR_IN_REPLY_TO' In-Reply-To `MU_HDR_ENCRYPTED' Encrypted `MU_HDR_PRECEDENCE' Precedence `MU_HDR_STATUS' Status `MU_HDR_CONTENT_LENGTH' Content-Length `MU_HDR_CONTENT_TYPE' Content-Type `MU_HDR_MIME_VERSION' MIME-Version - Function: int header_get_value (header_t HDR, const char *FN, char *FV, size_t LEN, size_t *N) Value of field-name FN is returned in buffer FV of size LEN. The number of bytes written is put in N. - Function: int header_aget_value (header_t HDR, const char *FN, char **FV) The value is allocated. - Function: int header_get_stream (header_t HDR, stream_t *PSTREAM) - Function: int header_set_size (header_t HDR, size_t *SIZE) - Function: int header_set_lines (header_t HDR, size_t *LPINES) Body ==== `/* Prefix *body_* is reserved */' `#include ' - Function: int body_create (body_t *BODY, void *OWNER) Initialize an object BDY. - Function: void body_destroy (body_t *PBODY) The resources allocate are release. - Function: int body_get_stream (body_t BODY, stream_t *PSTREAM) - Function: int body_set_stream (body_t BODY, stream_t STREAM, void *OWNER) - Function: int body_get_filename __P ((body_t BODY, char *BUFFER, size_tBUFLEN, size_t *PWRITEN) - Function: int body_set_filename (body_t BODY, const char*BUFFER) - Function: int body_size (body_t BODY, size_t*PSIZE) - Function: int body_lines (body_t BODY, size_t *PLINES) Attribute ========= `/* Prefix *attribute_* is reserved */' `#include ' - Function: int attribute_create (attribute_t *PATTRIBUTE) - Function: void attribute_destroy (attribute_t *PATTRIBUTE) - Function: int attribute_is_seen (attribute_t ATTRIBUTE) - Function: int attribute_is_answered (attribute_t ATTRIBUTE) - Function: int attribute_is_flagged (attribute_t ATTRIBUTE) - Function: int attribute_is_deleted (attribute_t ATTRIBUTE) - Function: int attribute_is_draft (attribute_t ATTRIBUTE) - Function: int attribute_is_recent (attribute_t ATTRIBUTE) - Function: int attribute_is_read (attribute_t ATTRIBUTE) - Function: int attribute_set_seen (attribute_t ATTRIBUTE) - Function: int attribute_set_answered (attribute_t ATTRIBUTE) - Function: int attribute_set_flagged (attribute_t ATTRIBUTE) - Function: int attribute_set_deleted (attribute_t ATTRIBUTE) - Function: int attribute_set_draft (attribute_t ATTRIBUTE) - Function: int attribute_set_recent (attribute_t ATTRIBUTE) - Function: int attribute_set_read (attribute_t ATTRIBUTE) - Function: int attribute_unset_seen (attribute_t ATTRIBUTE) - Function: int attribute_unset_answered (attribute_t ATTRIBUTE) - Function: int attribute_unset_flagged (attribute_t ATTRIBUTE) - Function: int attribute_unset_deleted (attribute_t ATTRIBUTE) - Function: int attribute_unset_draft (attribute_t ATTRIBUTE) - Function: int attribute_unset_recent (attribute_t ATTRIBUTE) - Function: int attribute_unset_read (attribute_t ATTRIBUTE) - Function: int attribute_is_equal (attribute_t ATT1, attribute_t ATT2) - Function: int attribute_copy (attribute_t DST, attribute_t SRC) - Function: int string_to_attribute (const char *BUF, attribute_t *PATTR) - Function: int attribute_to_string (attribute_t ATTR, char *BUF, size_t LEN, size_t *PWRITEN) Stream ====== `#include ' - Function: int stream_create (stream_t *PSTREAM, int FLAGS, void *OWNER) `MU_STREAM_READ' The stream is open read only. `MU_STREAM_WRITE' The stream is open write only. `MU_STREAM_RDWR' The stream is open read and write. `MU_STREAM_APPEND' The stream is open in append mode for writing. `MU_STREAM_CREAT' The stream is created. `MU_STREAM_NONBLOCK' The stream is set non blocking. `MU_STREAM_NO_CHECK' Stream is destroyed without checking for the owner. - Function: void stream_destroy (stream_t *PSTREAM, void *OWNER) - Function: int stream_open (stream_t STREAM, const char *NAME, intPORT, int FLAG) - Function: int stream_close (stream_t STREAM) - Function: int stream_get_fd (stream_t STREAM, int *PFD) - Function: int stream_read (stream_t STREAM, char *BUFFER, size_t BUFLEN, off_t OFFSET, size_t *PWRITEN) - Function: int stream_readline (stream_t STREAM, char *BUFFER, size_t BUFLEN, off_t OFFSET, size_t *PWRITEN) - Function: int stream_size (stream_t STREAM, off_t *PSIZE) - Function: int stream_truncate (stream_t STREAM, off_t SIZE) - Function: int stream_write (stream_t STREAM, const char *BUFFER, size_t BUFLEN, off_t OFFSET, size_t *PWRITEN) - Function: int stream_flush (stream_t STREAM) - Function: int stream_get_flags (stream_t STREAM, int *PFLAGS) - Function: int stream_get_state (stream_t STREAM, int *PSTATE) `MU_STREAM_STATE_OPEN' Last action was `stream_open'. `MU_STREAM_STATE_READ' Last action was `stream_read' or `stream_readline'. `MU_STREAM_STATE_WRITE' Last action was `stream_write'. `MU_STREAM_STATE_CLOSE' Last action was `stream_close'. - Function: int file_stream_create (stream_t *PSTREAM) - Function: int mapfile_stream_create (stream_t *PSTREAM) - Function: int encoder_stream_create (stream_t *PSTREAM, stream_t IOSTREAM, const char *ENCODING) - Function: int decoder_stream_create (stream_t *PSTREAM, stream_t IOSTREAM, const char *ENCODING) - Function: int tcp_stream_create (stream_t *PSTREAM) An example using `tcp_stream_create' to make a simple web client: #include #include #include #include #include #include #include const char *wbuf = "GET / HTTP/1.0\r\n\r\n"; char rbuf[1024]; int main(int argc, char **argv) { int ret, off = 0, fd; stream_t stream; size_t nb; fd_set fds; argc = argc, argv = argv; ret = tcp_stream_create (&stream); if (ret != 0) { fprintf (stderr, "tcp_stream_create: %s\n", mailutils_error(ret)); exit (EXIT_FAILURE); } connect_again: ret = stream_open (stream, "www.netscape.com", 80, MU_STREAM_NONBLOCK); if (ret != 0) { if (ret == MU_ERROR_EAGAIN) { ret = stream_get_fd(stream, &fd); if (ret != 0) { fprintf (stderr, "stream_get_fd: %s\n", mailutils_error(ret)); exit (EXIT_FAILURE); } FD_ZERO (&fds); FD_SET (fd, &fds); select (fd+1, NULL, &fds, NULL, NULL); goto connect_again; } fprintf (stderr, "stream_open: %s\n", mailutils_error (ret)); exit (EXIT_FAILURE); } ret = stream_get_fd (stream, &fd); if (ret != 0) { fprintf(stderr, "stream_get_fd: %s\n", strerror(ret)); exit (EXIT_FAILURE); } write_again: ret = stream_write (stream, wbuf + off, strlen (wbuf), 0, &nb); if (ret != 0 ) { if (ret == EAGAIN) { FD_ZERO (&fds); FD_SET (fd, &fds); select (fd + 1, NULL, &fds, NULL, NULL); off += nb; goto write_again; } fprintf (stderr, "stream_write: %s\n", strerror(ret)); exit (EXIT_FAILURE) } if (nb != strlen (wbuf)) { fprintf(stderr, "stream_write: %s\n", "nb != wbuf length"); exit (EXIT_FAILURE); } do { read_again: ret = stream_read (stream, rbuf, sizeof (rbuf), 0, &nb); if (ret != 0) { if (ret == EAGAIN) { FD_ZERO (&fds); FD_SET (fd, &fds); select (fd + 1, &fds, NULL, NULL, NULL); goto read_again; } fprintf (stderr, "stream_read: %s\n", strerror(ret)); exit(EXIT_FAILURE); } write (2, rbuf, nb); } while (nb); ret = stream_close (stream); if (ret!= 0) { fprintf (stderr, "stream_close: %s\n", strerror(ret)); exit (EXIT_FAILURE); } stream_destroy (&stream, NULL); exit (EXIT_SUCCESS); } Iterator ======== `/* Prefix *iterator_* is reserved */' `#include ' - Function: int iterator_create (iterator_t *) - Function: void iterator_destroy (iterator_t *) - Function: int iterator_first (iterator_t) - Function: int iterator_next (iterator_t) - Function: int iterator_current (iterator_t, void **pitem) - Function: int iterator_is_done (iterator_t) Authenticator ============= `/* Prefix *auth_* is reserved */' `#include ' There are many ways to authenticate to a server. To be flexible the authentication process is provided by two objects `auth_t' and `ticket_t'. The `auth_t' can implement different protocol like APOP, MD5-AUTH, One Time Passwd etc .. By default if a mailbox does not understand or know how to authenticate it falls back to user/passwd authentication. The `ticket_t' is a way for Mailboxes and Mailers provide a way to authenticate when the URL does not contain enough information. The default action is to call the function `auth_authenticate' which will get the *user* and *passwd* if not set, this function can be overridden by a custom method. - Function: int auth_create (auth_t *PAUTH, void *OWNER) - Function: void auth_destroy (auth_t *PAUTH, void *OWNER) - Function: int auth_prologue (auth_t AUTH) - Function: int auth_authenticate (auth_t AUTH, char **USER, char **PASSWD) - Function: int auth_epilogue (auth_t AUTH) A simple example of an authenticate function: #include #include #include int my_authenticate (auth_t auth, char **user, char **passwd) { char u[128] = ""; char p[128] = ""; /* prompt the user name */ printf ("User: "); fflush (stdout); fgets (u, sizeof (u), stdin); u[strlen (u) - 1] = '\0'; /* nuke the trailing NL */ /* prompt the passwd */ printf ("Passwd: "); fflush (stdout); echo_off (); fgets (p, sizeof(p), stdin); echo_on (); p[strlen (p) - 1] = '\0'; /* duplicate */ *user = strdup (u); *passwd = strdup (p); return 0; } Address ======= `/* Prefix *address_* is reserved */' `#include ' The Internet address format is defined in RFC 822. RFC 822 has been updated, and is now superceeded by RFC 2822, which makes some corrections and clarifications. References to RFC 822 here apply equally to RFC 2822. The RFC 822 format is more flexible than many people realize, here is a quick summary of the syntax this parser implements, see RFC 822 for the details. "[]" pairs mean "optional", "/" means "one or the other", and double-quoted characters are literals. addr-spec = local-part "" domain mailbox = addr-spec ["(" display-name ")"] / [display-name] "<" [route] addr-spec ">" mailbox-list = mailbox ["," mailbox-list] group = display-name ":" [mailbox-list] ";" address = mailbox / group / unix-mbox address-list = address ["," address-list] unix-mbox is a non-standard extension meant to deal with the common practice of using user names as addresses in mail utilities. It allows addresses such as "root" to be parsed correctly. These are NOT valid internet email addresses, they must be qualified before use. Several address functions have a set of common arguments with consistent semantics, these are described here to avoid repetition. Since an address-list may contain multiple addresses, they are accessed by a *one-based* index number, NO. The index is one-based because pop, imap, and other message stores commonly use one-based counts to access messages and attributes of messages. If LEN is greater than `0' it is the length of the buffer BUF, and as much of the component as possible will be copied into the buffer. The buffer will be null terminated. The size of a particular component may be queried by providing `0' for the LEN of the buffer, in which case the buffer is optional. In this case, if N is provided *N is assigned the length of the component string. - Data Type: address_t The `address_t' object is used to hold information about a parsed RFC822 address list, and is an opaque data structure to the user. Functions are provided to retrieve information about an address in the address list. - Function: int address_create (address_t *ADDR, const char *STRING) This function allocates and initializes ADDR by parsing the RFC822 address-list STRING. The return value is `0' on success and a code number on error conditions: `EINVAL' Invalid usage, usually a required argument was `null'. `ENOMEM' Not enough memory to allocate resources. `ENOENT' Invalid RFC822 syntax, parsing failed. - Function: void address_destroy (address_t *ADDR) The ADDR is destroyed. - Function: int address_get_email (address_t *ADDR, size_t NO, char* BUF, size_t LEN, size_t* N) Accesses the NOth email address component of the address list. This address is the plain email address, correctly quoted, suitable for using in an smtp dialog, for example, or as the address part of a contact book entry. The return value is `0' on success and a code number on error conditions: `EINVAL' Invalid usage, usually a required argument was `null'. `ENOENT' The index NO is outside of the range of available addresses. - Function: int address_get_personal (address_t *ADDR, size_t NO, char* BUF, size_t LEN, size_t* N) Accesses the display-name describing the NOth email address. This display-name is optional, so may not be present. If it is not present, but there is an RFC822 comment after the address, that comment will be returned as the personal phrase, as this is a common usage of the comment even though it is not defined in the internet mail standard. A group is a kind of a special case. It has a display-name, followed by an optional mailbox-list. The display-name will be allocated an address all it's own, but all the other elements (local-part, domain, etc.) will be zero-length. So "a group: ;" is valid, will have a count of 1, but address_get_email(), and all the rest, will return zero-length output. The return value is `0' on success and a code number on error conditions: `EINVAL' Invalid usage, usually a required argument was `null'. `ENOENT' The index NO is outside of the range of available addresses. - Function: int address_get_comments (address_t *ADDR, size_t NO, char* BUF, size_t LEN, size_t* N) Accesses the comments extracted while parsing the NOth email address. These comments have no defined meaning, and are not currently collected. The return value is `0' on success and a code number on error conditions: `EINVAL' Invalid usage, usually a required argument was `null'. `ENOENT' The index NO is outside of the range of available addresses. - Function: int address_get_email (address_t *ADDR, size_t NO, char* BUF, size_t LEN, size_t* N) Accesses the email addr-spec extracted while parsing the NOth email address. This will be `0' length for a unix-mbox. The return value is `0' on success and a code number on error conditions: `EINVAL' Invalid usage, usually a required argument was `null'. `ENOENT' The index NO is outside of the range of available addresses. - Function: int address_get_local_part (address_t *ADDR, size_t NO, char* BUF, size_t LEN, size_t* N) Accesses the local-part of an email addr-spec extracted while parsing the NOth email address. The return value is `0' on success and a code number on error conditions: `EINVAL' Invalid usage, usually a required argument was `null'. `ENOENT' The index NO is outside of the range of available addresses. - Function: int address_get_domain (address_t *ADDR, size_t NO, char* BUF, size_t LEN, size_t* N) Accesses the domain of an email addr-spec extracted while parsing the NOth email address. This will be `0' length for a unix-mbox. The return value is `0' on success and a code number on error conditions: `EINVAL' Invalid usage, usually a required argument was `null'. `ENOENT' The index NO is outside of the range of available addresses. - Function: int address_get_route (address_t *ADDR, size_t NO, char* BUF, size_t LEN, size_t* N) Accesses the route of an email addr-spec extracted while parsing the NOth email address. This is a rarely used RFC822 address syntax, but is legal in SMTP as well. The entire route is returned as a string, those wishing to parse it should look at . The return value is `0' on success and a code number on error conditions: `EINVAL' Invalid usage, usually a required argument was `null'. `ENOENT' The index NO is outside of the range of available addresses. - Function: int address_is_group (address_t *ADDR, size_t NO, size_t LEN, int* YES) Sets *YES to `1' if this address is just the name of a group, `0' otherwise. This is faster than checking if the address has a non-zero length personal, and a zero-length local_part and domain. YES can be `null', though that doesn't serve much purpose other than determining that NO refers to an address. Currently, there is no way to determine the end of the group. The return value is `0' on success and a code number on error conditions: `EINVAL' Invalid usage, usually a required argument was `null'. `ENOENT' The index NO is outside of the range of available addresses. - Function: int address_to_string (address_t *ADDR, char* BUF, size_t LEN, size_t* N) Returns the entire address list as a single RFC822 formatted address list. The return value is `0' on success and a code number on error conditions: `EINVAL' Invalid usage, usually a required argument was `null'. `ENOMEM' Not enough memory to allocate resources. - Function: int address_get_count (address_t ADDR, size_t* COUNT) Returns a count of the addresses in the address list. If ADDR is `null', the count is `0'. If COUNT is not `null', the count will be written to *COUNT. The return value is `0'. Example ======= #include #include #include #define EPARSE ENOENT static const char* err_name(int e) { struct { int e; const char* s; } map[] = { #define E(e) { e, #e }, E(ENOENT) E(EINVAL) E(ENOMEM) #undef E { 0, NULL } }; static char s[sizeof(int) * 8 + 3]; int i; for(i = 0; map[i].s; i++) { if(map[i].e == e) return map[i].s; } sprintf(s, "[%d]", e); return s; } static int parse(const char* str) { size_t no = 0; size_t pcount = 0; int status; char buf[BUFSIZ]; address_t address = NULL; status = address_create(&address, str); address_get_count(address, &pcount); if(status) { printf("%s=> error %s\n\n", str, err_name(status)); return 0; } else { printf("%s=> pcount %d\n", str, pcount); } for(no = 1; no <= pcount; no++) { size_t got = 0; int isgroup; address_is_group(address, no, &isgroup); printf("%d ", no); if(isgroup) { address_get_personal(address, no, buf, sizeof(buf), &got); printf("group <%s>\n", buf); } else { address_get_email(address, no, buf, sizeof(buf), 0); printf("email <%s>\n", buf); } address_get_personal(address, no, buf, sizeof(buf), &got); if(got && !isgroup) printf(" personal <%s>\n", buf); address_get_comments(address, no, buf, sizeof(buf), &got); if(got) printf(" comments <%s>\n", buf); address_get_local_part(address, no, buf, sizeof(buf), &got); if(got) { printf(" local-part <%s>", buf); address_get_domain(address, no, buf, sizeof(buf), &got); if(got) printf(" domain <%s>", buf); printf("\n"); } address_get_route(address, no, buf, sizeof(buf), &got); if(got) printf(" route <%s>\n", buf); } address_destroy(&address); printf("\n"); return 0; } static int parseinput(void) { char buf[BUFSIZ]; while(fgets(buf, sizeof(buf), stdin) != 0) { buf[strlen(buf) - 1] = 0; parse(buf); } return 0; } int main(int argc, const char *argv[]) { argc = 1; if(!argv[argc]) { return parseinput(); } for(; argv[argc]; argc++) { if(strcmp(argv[argc], "-") == 0) { parseinput(); } else { parse(argv[argc]); } } return 0; } Locker ====== `/* Prefix *locker_* is reserved */' `#include ' - Function: int locker_create (locker_t * PLOCKER, char *FILENAME, size_t LEN, int FLAGS) - Function: void locker_destroy (locker_t * PLOCKER) - Function: int locker_lock (locker_t LOCKER, int FLAG) `MU_LOCKER_RDLOCK' `MU_LOCKER_WRLOCK' `MU_LOCKER_PID' `MU_LOCKER_FCNTL' `MU_LOCKER_TIME' - Function: int locker_touchlock (locker_t LOCKER) - Function: int locker_unlock (locker_t LOCKER) URL === A mailbox or a mailer can be described in a URL, the string will contain the necessary information to initialize `mailbox_t', or `mailer_t' properly. POP3 ---- The POP URL scheme contains a POP server, optional port number and the authentication mechanism. The general form is `pop://[[;AUTH=]@][:]' or `pop://[[:]@][:]' If *:port* is omitted the default value is 110. Different forms of authentication can be specified with *;AUTH=type*. The special string *;AUTH=** indicates that the client will use a default scheme base on the capability of the server. `pop://obelix@gaulois.org' `pop://asterix;AUTH=*@france.com' `pop://falbala;AUTH=+APOP@france.com' `pop://obelix;AUTH=+APOP@village.gaulois.org:2000' `pop://obelix:menhir@village.gaulois.org:2000' For more complete information see `rfc2368'. IMAP ---- The IMAP URL scheme contains an IMAP server, optional port number and the authentication mechanism. The general form is `imap://[[;AUTH=]]@[:port][/]' or `imap://[[:]]@[:port][/]' If *:port* is omitted the default value is 220. Different forms of authentication can be specified with *;AUTH=type*. The special string *;AUTH=** indicates that the client will use a default scheme base on the capability of the server. `imap://obelix@imap.gaulois.org' `imap://asterix;AUTH=*@imap.france.com' `imap://asterix:potion@imap.france.com' For more complete information see `rfc2192'. File ---- Local folder should be handle by this URL. It is preferable to let the mailbox recognize the type of mailbox and take the appropriate action. `file://path' `file://var/mail/user' `file://home/obelix/Mail' For MMDF, MH local mailboxes URLs are provided, but it is preferable to use `file://path' and let the library figure out which one. `mmdf://path' `mh://path' Mailto ------ After setting a mailer, `mailto:' is used to tell the mailer where and to whom the message is for. `mailto://hostname' Mailto can be used to generate short messages, for example to subscribe to mailing lists. `mailto://bug-mailutils@gnu.org?body=subscribe' `mailto://bug-mailutils@gnu.org?Subject=hello&body=subscribe' For more complete information see `rfc2368'. URL functions ------------- Helper functions are provided to retrieve and set the *URL* fields. - Function: int url_create (url_t *URL, const char *NAME) Create and the URL data structure, but do not parse it. - Function: void url_destroy (url_t *) Destroy the url and free it's resources. - Function: int url_parse (url_t URL) Parses the url, after calling this the get functions can be called. The syntax, condensed from RFC 1738, and extended with the ;auth= of RFC 2384 (for POP) and RFC 2192 (for IMAP) is: url = scheme ":" = "//" [ user [ ( ":" password ) | ( ";auth=" auth ) ] "" ] host [ ":" port ] [ ( "/" urlpath ) | ( "?" query ) ] This is a generalized URL syntax, and may not be exactly appropriate for any particular scheme. - Function: const char* url_to_string (const url_t URL) - Function: int url_get_scheme (const url_t URL, char *SCHEM, size_t LEN, size_t *N) - Function: int url_get_user (const url_t URL, char *USR, size_t LEN, size_t *N) - Function: int url_get_passwd (const url_t URL, char *PASSWD, size_t LEN, size_t *N) - Function: int url_get_host (const url_t URL, char *HOST, size_t LEN, size_t *N) - Function: int url_get_port (const url_t URL, long *PORT) - Function: int url_get_path (const url_t URL, char *PATH, size_t LEN, size_t *N) - Function: int url_get_query (const url_t URL, char *QUERY, size_tlen, size_t *N) - Function: char* url_decode (const char* s) Decodes an RFC 1738 % encoded string, returning the decoded string in allocated memory. If the string is not encoded, this degenerates to a strdup(). Example ======= #include #include #include int main () { char str[1024]; char buffer[1024]; long port = 0; int len = sizeof (buffer); url_t u = NULL; while (fgets (str, sizeof (str), stdin) != NULL) { int rc; str[strlen (str) - 1] = '\0'; /* chop newline */ if(strspn(str, " \t") == strlen(str)) continue; /* skip empty lines */ if ((rc = url_create(&u, str)) != 0) { printf(stderr, "url_create %s ERROR: [%d] %s", str, rc, strerror(rc)); exit (1); } if ((rc = url_parse (u)) != 0) { printf ("%s --> FAILED: [%d] %s\n", str, rc, strerror(rc)); continue; } printf ("%s --> SUCCESS\n", str); url_get_scheme (u, buffer, len, NULL); printf (" scheme <%s>\n", buffer); url_get_user (u, buffer, len, NULL); printf (" user <%s>\n", buffer); url_get_passwd (u, buffer, len, NULL); printf (" passwd <%s>\n", buffer); url_get_auth (u, buffer, len, NULL); printf (" auth <%s>\n", buffer); url_get_host (u, buffer, len, NULL); printf (" host <%s>\n", buffer); url_get_port (u, &port); printf (" port %ld\n", port); url_get_path (u, buffer, len, NULL); printf (" path <%s>\n", buffer); url_get_query (u, buffer, len, NULL); printf (" query <%s>\n", buffer); url_destroy (&u); } return 0; } Programs ******** GNU Mailutils provides a set of programs for handling the email. IMAP4 daemon ============ imap4d has two operation modes: Inetd The server is started from `/etc/inetd.conf' file: imap4 stream tcp nowait root /usr/local/sbin/imap4d imap4d This is the default operation mode. Standalone The server runs as daemon, forking a child for each new connection. This mode is triggered by `-d' command line switch. Command line options -------------------- `-d[NUMBER]' `--daemon[=NUMBER]' Run in standalone mode. An optional NUMBER specifies the maximum number of child processes the daemon is allowed to fork. When it is omitted, it defaults to 20 processes. *Please note*, that there should be no whitespace between the `-d' and its parameter. `-h' `--help' Display short help message and exit. `-i' `--inetd' Run in inetd mode. `-p NUMBER' `--port NUMBER' Listen on given port NUMBER. This option is meaningful only in standalone mode. It defaults to port 143. `-t NUMBER' `--timeout NUMBER' Set idle timeout to given NUMBER of seconds. Default is 1800 seconds (30 minutes). The daemon breaks the connection if it receives no commands from the client within that number of seconds. `-v' `--version' Display program version and exit. POP3 daemon =========== The `pop3d' daemon implements the Post Office Protocol server. pop3d has two operation modes: Inetd The server is started from `/etc/inetd.conf' file: pop3 stream tcp nowait root /usr/local/sbin/pop3d pop3d This is the default operation mode. Standalone The server runs as daemon, forking a child for each new connection. This mode is triggered by `-d' command line switch. Command line options -------------------- `-d[NUMBER]' `--daemon[=NUMBER]' Run in standalone mode. An optional NUMBER specifies the maximum number of child processes the daemon is allowed to fork. When it is omitted, it defaults to 10 processes. *Please note*, that there should be no whitespace between the `-d' and its parameter. `-h' `--help' Display short help message and exit. `-i' `--inetd' Run in inetd mode. `-p NUMBER' `--port NUMBER' Listen on given port NUMBER. This option is meaningful only in standalone mode. It defaults to port 110. `-t NUMBER' `--timeout NUMBER' Set idle timeout to given NUMBER of seconds. Default is 600 seconds (10 minutes). The daemon breaks the connection if it receives no commands from the client within that number of seconds. `-v' `--version' Display program version and exit. frm -- List headers from a mailbox. =================================== The `frm' command outputs a header information of the selected messages in a mailbox. By default, `frm' reads the user's system mailbox and outputs the contents of `From' and `Subject' headers for each message. If a folder is specified in the command line, the program reads that folder rather than the default mailbox. The following command line options alter the behavior of the program: `-h' `--help' Display short help message and exit. `-f STRING' `--field STRING' Display the header named by STRING instead of `From' `Subject' pair. `-l' `--to' Include the contents of `To' header to the output. The output field order is then: `To' `From' `Subject'. `-n' `--number' Prefix each line with corresponding message number. `-Q' `--Quiet' Be very quiet. Nothing is output except error messages. This is useful in shell scripts where only the return status of the program is important. `-q' `--query' Print a message only if there are unread messages in the mailbox. `-S' `--summary' Print a summary line. `-s ATTR' `--status ATTR' Only display headers from messages with the given status. ATTR may be one of the following: `new', `read', `unread'. It is sufficient to specify only first letter of an ATTR. Multiple `-s' options are allowed. `-t' `--align' Tidy mode. Currently is not implemented. Included for compatibility with `frm' program from Elm package. `-v' `--version' Display version information and exit mail -- send and receive mail. =============================== `Mail' is an enhanced version of standard `/bin/mail' program. As well as its predecessor, it can be used either in sending mode or in reading mode. `Mail' enters sending mode when one or more email addresses were specified in this command line. In this mode the program waits until user finishes composing the message, then attempts to send it to the specified addresses and exits. See *Note Composing Mail::, for a detailed description of this behavior. If the command line contained no email addresses, `mail' switches to reading mode. In this mode it allows to read and manipulate the contents of a mailbox. The URL of the mailbox to operate upon is taken from the argument of `--file' command line option. If it is not specified, the user's system mailbox is assumed. *Note Reading Mail:: for more detail. Command line options -------------------- General usage of `mail' program is: mail [OPTION...] [address...] If [address...] part is present, `mail' switches to mail sending mode, otherwise it operates in mail reading mode. `Mail' understands following command line options: `-e' `--exist' Return true if the mailbox contains some messages. Return false otherwise. This is useful for writing shell scripts. `-f[FILE]' `--file[=FILE]' Operate on mailbox FILE. If this option is not specified, the default is user's system mailbox. If it is specified without argument, the default is $HOME/mbox. *Please note*, that there should be no whitespace between the short variant of the option (`-f'), and its parameter. Similarly, when using long option (`--file'), its argument must be preceded by equal sign. `-F' `--byname' Save messages according to sender. Currently this option is not implemented. `-H' `--headers' Print header summary to stdout and exit. `-i' `--ignore' Ignore interrupts. `-n' `--norc' Do not read the system-wide mailrc file. *Note Mail Configuration Files::. `-N' `--nosum' Do not display initial header summary. `-p' `--print' `-r' `--read' Print all mail to standard output. It is equivalent to issuing following commands after starting `mail -N': print * quit `-q' `--quit' Cause interrupts to terminate program. `-s SUBJ' `--subject=SUBJ' Send a message with a Subject of SUBJ. Valid only in sending mode. `-t' `--to' Switch to sending mode. `-u USER' `--user=USER' Operate on USER's mailbox. This is equivalent to: mail -f/SPOOL_PATH/USER with SPOOL_PATH being the full path to your mailspool directory (`/var/spool/mail' or `/var/mail' on most systems). `-?' `--help' Display a help message. `--usage' Display a short usage summary. `-V' `--version' Print program version and exit. How to specify message sets --------------------------- Many mail commands such as print and delete can be given a "message list" to operate upon. Wherever the message list is omitted, the command operates on the current message. The "message list" in its simplest form is one of: . Selects current message. It is equivalent to empty message list. * Selects all messages in the mailbox. ^ Selects first non-deleted message. $ Selects last non-deleted message. In its complex form, the "message list" is a comma or whitespace-separated list of "message specifiers". A "message specifier" is one of Message Number This specifier addresses the message with the given ordinal number in the mailbox. Message range "Message range" is specified as two message numbers separated by a dash. It selects all messages with the number lying within that range. Attribute specifier An "Attribute specifier" is a colon followed by a single letter. The "Attribute specifier" addresses all messages in the mailbox that have the given attribute. These are the valid attribute specifiers: `:d' Selects all deleted messages. `:n' Selects all recent messages, i.e. the messages that have not been neither read not seen so far. `:o' Selects all messages that have been seen. `:r' Selects all messages that have been read. `:u' Selects all messages that have *not* been read. `:t' Selects all tagged messages (*note Marking Messages::.). `:T' Selects all untagged messages. Header match The "header match" is a string in the form: [HEADER:]/STRING/ It selects all messages that contain header field HEADER matching given REGEXP. If the variable `regexp' is set, the STRING is assumed to be a POSIX regexp. Otherwise, a header is considered to match STRING if the latter constitutes a substring of the former (comparison is case-insensitive). If HEADER: part is omitted, it is assumed to be `Subject:'. Message body match The "message body match" is a string in the form: :/STRING/ It selects all messages whose body matches the string. The matching rules are the same as described under "Header match". A "message specifier" can be followed by "message part specifier", enclosed in a pair of brackets. A "message part specifier" controls which part of a message should be operated upon. It is meaningful only for multipart messages. A "message part specifier" is a comma or whitespace - separated list of part numbers or ranges. Each part number can in turn be "message part specifier", thus allowing for operating upon multiply-encoded messages. The following are the examples of valid message lists: Composing mail -------------- You can compose the message by simply typing the contents of it, line by line. But usually this is not enough, you would need to edit your text, to quote some messages, etc. `Mail' provides these capabilities through "compose escapes". The "compose escapes" are single-character commands, preceded by special "escape character", which defaults to `~'. The combination `escape character + command' is recognized as a compose escape only if it occurs at the beginning of a line. If the escape character must appear at the beginning of a line, enter it twice. The actual escape character may be changed by setting the value of `escape' mail variable (*note Mail Variables::.). Quitting Compose Mode ..................... There are several commands allowing you to quit the compose mode. Typing the end-of-file character (`C-D') on a line alone finishes compose mode and sends the message to its destination. The `C-D' character looses its special meaning if `ignoreeof' mail variable is set. If mail variable `dot' is set, typing dot (`.') on a line alone achieves the same effect as `C-D' above. Finally, using `~.' escape always quits compose mode and sends out the composed message. To abort composing of a message without sending it, type interrupt character (by default, `C-C') twice. This behavior is disabled when mail variable `ignore' is set. In this case, you can use `~x' escape to achieve the same effect. Getting Help on Compose Escapes: ~? ................................... The `~?' escape prints on screen a brief summary of the available compose escapes. *Please note*, that `~h' escape prompts for changing the header values, and does *not* give help. Editing the Message: ~e and ~v. ............................... If you are not satisfied with the message as it is, you can edit it using a text editor specified either by `EDITOR' or by `VISUAL' environment variables. The `~e' uses the former, and `~v' uses the latter. *Please note*, that both commands allow you to edit the body of the message, and not its headers. To change message headers, see *Note Modifying the Headers::. Modifying the Headers: ~h, ~t, ~c, ~b, ~s ......................................... To add new addresses to the list of message recipients, use `~t' command, e.g.: ~t name1@domain.net name2 To add addresses to `Cc' or `Bcc', use `~c' or `~b' escapes respectively. To change the `Subject' header, use `~s' escape, e.g.: ~s "Re: your message" Finally, to edit all headers, type `~h' escape. This will present you with the values of `To', `Cc', `Bcc', and `Subject' headers allowing to edit them with normal text editing commands. Enclosing Another Message: ~m and ~M .................................... If you are sending mail from within mail command mode, you can enclose the contents of any message sent to you by using `~m' or `~M' commands. Typing `~m' alone will enclose the contents of the current message, typing `~m 12' will enclose the contents of message #12 and so on. The `~m' uses retained and ignored lists when enclosing headers, the `~M' encloses all header fields (*note Controlling Header Display::.). In both cases, the contents of `indentprefix' mail variable is prepended to each line enclosed. Adding a File to the Message: ~r and ~d ....................................... To append the contents of file FILENAME to the message, type ~r FILENAME or ~< FILENAME The `~d' escape is a shorthand for ~r dead.letter Printing And Saving the Message ............................... The `~p' escape types the contents of the message entered so far, including headers, on your terminal. You can save the message to an arbitrary file using `~w' escape. It takes the filename as its argument. Signing the Message: ~a and ~A .............................. To save you the effort of typing your signature at the end of each message, you can use `~a' or `~A' escapes. If your signature occupies one line only, save it to the variable `sign' and use `~a' escape to insert it. Otherwise, if it is longer than one line, save it to a file, store the name of this file in the variable `Sign', and use `~A' escape to insert it into the message. Printing Another Message: ~f and ~F ................................... Sometimes it is necessary to view the contents of another message, while composing. These two escapes allow it. Both take the message list as their argument. If they are used without argument, the contents of the current message is printed. The difference between `~f' and `~F' is that the former uses ignored and retained lists to select headers to be displayed, whereas the latter prints all headers (*note Controlling Header Display::.). Inserting Value of a Mail Variable: ~i ...................................... The `~i' escape enters the value of the named mail variable into the body of the message being composed. Executing Other Mail Commands: ~: and ~- ........................................ You can execute a mail command from within compose mode using `~:' or `~-' escapes. For example, typing ~: from :t will display the from lines of all tagged messages. Note, that executing mail-sending commands (*note Replying::.) from within the compose mode is not allowed. An attempt to execute such a command will result in diagnostic message "Command not allowed in an escape sequence" being displayed. Also, when starting compose mode immediately from the shell (e.g. running `mail address@domain'), most mail commands are meaningless, since there is no mailbox to operate upon. In this case, the only commands that can reasonably be used are: `alias', `unalias', `alternate', `set', and `unset'. Executing Shell Commands: ~! and ~| ................................... The `~!' escape executes specified command and returns you to `mail' compose mode without altering your message. When used without arguments, it starts your login shell. The `~|' escape pipes the message composed so far through the given shell command and replaces the message with the output the command produced. If the command produced no output, `mail' assumes that something went wrong and retains the old contents of your message. Reading mail ------------ To read messages from a given mailbox, use one of the following ways of invoking `mail': `mail' To read messages from your system mailbox. `mail --file' To read messages from your mailbox ($HOME/mbox). `mail --file=PATH_TO_MAILBOX' To read messages from the specified mailbox. `mail --user=USER' To read messages from the system mailbox belonging to USER. *Please note*, that usual mailbox permissions won't allow you to use the last variant of invocation, unless you are a super-user. Similarly, the last but one variant is also greatly affected by the permissions the target mailbox has. Unless you have started mail with `--norc' command line option, it will read the contents of the system-wide configuration file. Then it reads the contents of user configuration file, if any. *Note Mail Configuration Files:: for detailed description of these files. After this initial setup, `mail' displays the first page of header lines and enters interactive mode. In interactive mode, `mail' displays its prompt (`?', if not set otherwise) and executes the commands the user enters. Quitting the program .................... Following commands quit the program: `quit' Terminates the session. If `mail' was operating upon user's system mailbox, then all undeleted and unsaved messages that have been read and are not marked with hold flag are saved to the user's mbox file (`$HOME/mbox'). The messages, marked with `delete' are removed. The program exits to the Shell, unless saving the mailbox fails, in which case user can escape with the exit command. `exit' `ex' `xit' Program exits to the Shell without modifying the mailbox it operates upon. Typing EOF (`C-D') alone is equivalent to `quit'. Obtaining online help ..................... Following commands can be used during the session to request online help: `help [COMMAND]' `hel [COMMAND]' `? [COMMAND]' Display detailed command synopsis. If no COMMAND is given, help for all available commands is displayed. `list' `*' Print a list of available commands. `version' `ve' Display program version. `warranty' `wa' Display program warranty statement. Moving within a mailbox ....................... `next' `n' Move to the next message. `previous' `prev' Move to the previous message. Changing mailbox/directory .......................... `cd [DIR]' `chdir [DIR]' `ch [DIR]' Change to the specified directory. If DIR is omitted, $HOME is assumed. `file [MAILBOX]' `fi [MAILBOX]' `folder [MAILBOX]' `fold [MAILBOX]' Read in the contents of the specified MAILBOX. The current mailbox is updated as if `quit' command has been issued. If MAILBOX is omitted, the command prints the current mailbox name followed by the summary information regarding it, e.g.: & fold "/var/spool/mail/gray": 23 messages 22 unread Controlling header display .......................... To control which headers in the message should be displayed, `mail' keeps two lists: a "retained" header list and an "ignored" header list. If "retained" header list is not empty, only the header fields listed in it are displayed when printing the message. Otherwise, if "ignored" header list is not empty, only the headers *not listed* in this list are displayed. The uppercase variants of message-displaying commands can be used to print all the headers. The following commands modify and display the contents of both lists. `discard [HEADER-FIELD-LIST]' `di [HEADER-FIELD-LIST]' `ignore [HEADER-FIELD-LIST]' `ig [HEADER-FIELD-LIST]' Add HEADER-FIELD-LIST to the ignored list. When used without arguments, this command prints the contents of ignored list. `retain [HEADER-FIELD-LIST]' `ret [HEADER-FIELD-LIST]' Add HEADER-FIELD-LIST to the retained list. When used without arguments, this command prints the contents of retained list. Displaying information ...................... `=' Displays the current message number. `headers [MSGLIST]' `h [MSGLIST]' Lists the current pageful of headers. `from [MSGLIST]' `f [MSGLIST]' Lists the contents of `From' headers for a given set of messages. `z [ARG]' Presents message headers in pagefuls as described for `headers' command. When ARG is `.', it is generally equivalent to `headers'. When ARG is omitted or is `+', the next pageful of headers is displayed. If ARG is `-', the previous pageful of headers is displayed. The latter two forms of `z' command may also take a numerical argument meaning the number of pages to skip before displaying the headers. For example: & z +2 will skip two pages of messages before displaying the header summary. `size [MSGLIST]' `si [MSGLIST]' Lists the message number and message size in bytes for each message in MSGLIST. `folders' Displays the value of `folder' variable. `summary' `su' Displays current mailbox summary. E.g.: & summary "/var/spool/mail/gray": 23 messages 22 unread Displaying messages ................... `print [MSGLIST]' `p [MSGLIST]' `type [MSGLIST]' `t [MSGLIST]' Prints out the messages from MSGLIST. If the variable `crt' is set and the number of lines in the message is greater than the number of lines on screen, the message is piped through pager command specified by environment variable `PAGER'. The number of lines on screen is controlled by `screen' variable. `Print [MSGLIST]' `P [MSGLIST]' `Type [MSGLIST]' `T [MSGLIST]' Like print but also prints out ignored header fields. *Note Controlling Header Display:: for detailed description of ignored header lists. `decode [MSGLIST]' `dec [MSGLIST]' Print a multipart message. The `decode' command decodes and prints out specified message parts. E.g. & decode 15[2] +--------------------------------------- | Message=15[2] | Type=message/delivery-status | encoding=7bit +--------------------------------------- Content-Type: message/delivery-status ... `top [MSGLIST]' `to [MSGLIST]' Prints the top few lines of each message in MSGLIST. The number of lines printed is controlled by the variable `toplines' and defaults to five. `pipe [MSGLIST] [SHELL-COMMAND]' `| [MSGLIST] [SHELL-COMMAND]' Pipe the contents of specified messages through SHELL-COMMAND. If SHELL-COMMAND is empty but the string variable `cmd' is set, the value of this variable is used as a command name. Marking messages ................ `tag [MSGLIST]' `ta [MSGLIST]' Tag messages. The tagged messages can be referred to in message list using `:t' notation. `untag [MSGLIST]' `unt [MSGLIST]' Clear tags from specified messages. To untag all messages tagged so far type & untag :t `hold [MSGLIST]' `ho [MSGLIST]' `preserve [MSGLIST]' `pre [MSGLIST]' Marks each message to be held in user's system mailbox. This command does not override the effect of `delete' command. Disposing of messages ..................... `delete [MSGLIST]' `d [MSGLIST]' Mark messages as deleted. Upon exiting with `quit' command these messages will be deleted from the mailbox. Until the end of current session the deleted messages can be referred to in message lists using :d notation. `undelete [MSGLIST]' `u [MSGLIST]' Clear delete mark from the specified messages. `dp [MSGLIST]' `dt [MSGLIST]' Deletes the current message and prints the next message. If MSGLIST is specified, deletes all messages from the list and prints the message, immediately following last deleted one. Saving messages ............... `save [[MSGLIST] FILE]' `s [[MSGLIST] FILE]' Takes a message list and a file name and appends each message in turn to the end of the file. The name of file and number of characters appended to it is echoed on the terminal. Each saved message is marked for deletion as if with `delete' command, unless the variable `keepsave' is set. `Save [MSGLIST]' `S [MSGLIST]' Like `save', but the file to append messages to is named after the sender of the first message in MSGLIST. For example: & from 14 15 U 14 smith@noldor.arda.org Fri Jun 30 18:11 14/358 The Save c U 15 gray@noldor.arda.org Fri Jun 30 18:30 8/245 Re: The Sa & Save 14 15 "smith" 22/603 i.e., 22 characters (603 lines) have been appended to the file "smith". If the file does not exist, it is created. `write [[MSGLIST] FILE]' `w [[MSGLIST] FILE]' Similar to `save', except that only message body (without the header) is saved. `Write [MSGLIST]' `W [MSGLIST]' Similar to `Save', except that only message body (without the header) is saved. `mbox [MSGLIST]' `mb [MSGLIST]' `touch [MSGLIST]' `tou [MSGLIST]' Mark list of messages to be saved in the user's mailbox ($HOME/mbox) upon exiting via `quit' command. This is the default action for all read messages, unless you have variable `hold' set. `copy [[MSGLIST] FILE]' `c [[MSGLIST] FILE]' Similar to `save', except that saved messages are not marked for deletion. `Copy [MSGLIST]' `C [MSGLIST]' Similar to `Save', except that saved messages are not marked for deletion. Editing messages ................ These command allow to edit messages in a mailbox. *Please note*, that modified messages currently do not replace original ones. i.e. you have to save them explicitly using your editor's `save' command if you do not want the effects of your editing to be lost. `edit [MSGLIST]' `e [MSGLIST]' Edits each message in MSGLIST with the editor, specified in `EDITOR' environment variable. `visual [MSGLIST]' `v [MSGLIST]' Edits each message in MSGLIST with the editor, specified in `VISUAL' environment variable. Scripting ......... Comments -------- The `#' character introduces an end-of-line comment. All characters until and including the end of line are ignored. Displaying arbitrary text ------------------------- The `echo' (`ec') command prints its arguments to stdout. Sourcing external command files ------------------------------- The command `source FILENAME' reads commands from the named file. Its minimal abbreviation is `so'. Setting and unsetting the variables. ------------------------------------ The mail variables may be set using `set' (`se') command. The command takes a list of assignments. The syntax of an assignment is `NAME=STRING' Assign a string value to the variable. If STRING contains whitespace characters it must be enclosed in a pair of double-quote characters (`"') `NAME=NUMBER' Assign a numeric value to the variable. `NAME' Assign boolean `True' value. `noNAME' Assign boolean `False' value. Example: & set askcc nocrt indentprefix="> " This statement sets `askcc' to `True', `crt' to `False', and `indentprefix' to "> ". To unset mail variables use `unset'(`uns') command. The command takes a list of variable names to unset. Example: To undo the effect of the previous example, do: & unset askcc crt indentprefix Conditional statements ---------------------- The conditional statement allows to execute a set of mail commands depending on the mode the `mail' program is in. The conditional statement is: if COND ... else ... endif where `...' represents the set of commands to be executed in each branch of the statement. COND can be one of the following: `s' True if `mail' is operating in mail sending mode. `r' True if `mail' is operating in mail reading mode. `t' True if stdout is a terminal device (as opposed to a regular file). The conditional statements can be nested to arbitrary depth. The minimal abbreviations for `if', `else' and `endif' commands are `i', `el' and `en'. Example: if t set crt prompt="& " else unset prompt endif if s alt gray@farlep.net gray@mirddin.farlep.net set Aliasing ........ `alias [alias [address...]]' `a [alias [address...]]' `group [alias [address...]]' `g [alias [address...]]' With no arguments, prints out all currently-defined aliases. With one argument, prints out that alias. With more than one argument, creates a new alias or changes an old one. `unalias [alias...]' `una [alias...]' Takes a list of names defined by alias commands and discards the remembered groups of users. The alias names no longer have any significance. `alternates name...' `alt name...' The alternates command is useful if you have accounts on several machines. It can be used to inform mail that the listed addresses are really you. When you reply to messages, mail will not send a copy of the message to any of the addresses listed on the alternates list. If the alternates command is given with no argument, the current set of alternate names is displayed. Replying ........ `mail [address...]' `m [address...]' Switches to compose mode. After composing the message, sends messages to the specified addresses. `reply [MSGLIST]' `respond [MSGLIST]' `r [MSGLIST]' For each message in MSGLIST, switches to compose mode and sends the composed message to the sender and all recipients of the message. `Reply [MSGLIST]' `Respond [MSGLIST]' `R [MSGLIST]' Like `reply', except that the composed message is sent only to originators of the specified messages. `followup [MSGLIST]' `fo [MSGLIST]' Switches to compose mode. After composing, sends the message to the originators and recipients of all messages in MSGLIST. `Followup [MSGLIST]' `F [MSGLIST]' Similar to `followup', but reply message is sent only to originators of messages in MSGLIST. Incorporating new mail ...................... The `incorporate' (`inc') command incorporates newly arrived messages to the displayed list of messages. This is done automatically before returning to `mail' command prompt if the variable `autoinc' is set. Shell escapes ............. To run arbitrary shell command from `mail' command prompt, use `shell' (`sh') command. If no arguments are specified, the command starts the user login shell. Otherwise, it uses its first argument as a file name to execute and all subsequent arguments are passed as positional parameters to this command. The `shell' command can also be spelled as `!'. How to alter the behavior of mail --------------------------------- Following variables control the behavior of GNU `mail': `Sign' Type: String. Default: Unset. Contains the filename holding users signature. The contents of this file is appended to the end of a message being composed by `~A' escape. `appenddeadletter' Type: Boolean. Default: False. If this variable is `True', the contents of canceled letter is appended to the user's `dead.letter' file. Otherwise it overwrites its contents. `askbcc' Type: Boolean. Default: False. When set to `True' the user will be prompted to enter `Bcc' field before composing the message. `askcc' Type: Boolean. Default: True. When set to `True' the user will be prompted to enter `Cc' field before composing the message. `asksub' Type: Boolean. Default: True in interactive mode, False otherwise. When set to `True' the user will be prompted to enter `Subject' field before composing the message. `autoinc' Type: Boolean. Default: True. Automatically incorporate newly arrived messages. `autoprint' Type: Boolean. Default: False. Causes the delete command to behave like dp - thus, after deleting a message, the next one will be typed automatically. `cmd' Type: String. Default: Unset. Contains default shell command for `pipe'. `columns' Type: Numeric. Default: Detected at startup by querying the terminal device. If this fails, the value of environment variable `COLUMNS' is used. This variable contains the number of columns on terminal screen. `crt' Type: Boolean. Default: True in interactive mode, False otherwise. If `True', any messages with number of lines greater than number of lines on terminal screen (as determined by `screen' variable) will be printed using program set in the environment variable `ENVIRON'. `dot' Type: Boolean. Default: False. If `True', causes `mail' to interpret a period alone on a line as the terminator of a message you are sending. `escape' Type: String. Default: ~ If defined, the first character of this option gives the character to denoting escapes. `folder' Type: String. Default: Unset. The name of the directory to use for storing folders of messages. If unset, $HOME is assumed. `header' Type: Boolean. Default: True, unless started with `--nosum' (`-N') option. Whether to run `headers' command automatically after entering interactive mode. `hold' Type: Boolean. Default: False. When set to `True', the read or saved messages will be stored in user's mailbox (`$HOME/mbox'). Otherwise, they will be held in system mailbox also. This option is in effect only when operating upon user's system mailbox. `ignore' Type: Boolean. Default: False. When set to `True', `mail' will ignore keyboard interrupts when composing messages. Otherwise an interrupt will be taken as a signal to abort composing. `ignoreeof' Type: Boolean. Default: False. Controls whether typing EOF character terminates the letter being composed. `indentprefix' Type: String. Default: "\t" (a tab character). String used by the `~m' tilde escape for indenting quoted messages. `keepsave' Type: Boolean. Default: False. Controls whether saved messages should be kept in system mailbox too. This variable is in effect only when operating upon a user's system mailbox. `metoo' Type: Boolean. Default: False. Usually, when an alias is expanded that contains the sender, the sender is removed from the expansion. Setting this option causes the sender to be included in the group. `mode' Type: String. Default: The name of current operation mode. Setting this variable does not affect the operation mode of the program. `noregex' Type: Boolean. Default: False. Setting this to `True' enables use of regular expressions in `/.../' message specifications. `outfolder' Type: String. Default: Unset. Contains the directory in which files created by `save', `write', etc. commands will be stored. When unset, current directory is assumed. `page' Type: Boolean. Default: False. If set to `True', the `pipe' command will emit a linefeed character after printing each message. `prompt' Type: String. Default: "? " Contains the command prompt sequence. `quiet' Type: Boolean. Default: False. When set, suppresses the output of the startup banner. `quit' Type: Boolean. Default: False, unless started with `--quit' (`-q') option. When set, causes keyboard interrupts to terminate the program. `rc' Type: Boolean. Default: True, unless started with `--norc' (`-N') option. When this variable is set, `mail' will read the system-wide configuration file upon startup. See *Note Mail Configuration Files::. `record' Type: String. Default: Unset. When set, any outgoing message will be saved to the named file. `save' Type: Boolean. Default: True. When set, the aborted messages will be stored in the user's `dead.file'. See also `appenddeadletter'. `screen' Type: Numeric. Default: Detected at startup by querying the terminal device. If this fails, the value of environment variable `LINES' is used. This variable contains the number of lines on terminal screen. `sendmail' Type: String. Default: sendmail:/usr/lib/sendmail Contains the URL of mail transport agent. `sign' Type: String. Default: Unset. Contains the user's signature. The contents of this variable is appended to the end of a message being composed by `~a' escape. Use `Sign' variable, if your signature occupies more than one line. `subject' Type: String. Default: Unset. Contains default subject line. This will be used when `asksub' is off. `toplines' Type: Numeric. Default: 5 Number of lines to be displayed by `top' and `Top' commands. `verbose' Type: Boolean. Default: False. When set, the actual delivery of messages is displayed on the user's terminal. Personal and system-wide configuration files -------------------------------------------- Upon startup, `mail' reads the contents of the two command files: the system-wide configuration file, and the user's configuration file. Each line read from these files is processed like a usual `mail' command. When run with `--norc' (`-N') option, `mail' does not read the contents of system-wide configuration file. The user's file, if it exists, is always processed. The user's configuration file is located in the user's home directory and is named `.mailrc'. The location and name of the system-wide configuration file is determined when configuring the package via `--with-mail-rc' option. It defaults to `SYSCONFDIR/mail.rc'. messages -- Count the number of messages in a mailbox. ====================================================== `Messages' prints on standard output the number of messages contained in each folder specified in command line. If no folders are specified, it operates upon user's system mailbox. For each folder, the following output line is produced: Number of messages in FOLDER: NUMBER where FOLDER represents the folder name, NUMBER represents the number of messages. The program accepts following command line options: `-q' `--quite' `-s' `--silent' Be quiet. Display only number of messages per mailbox, without leading text. `-?' `--help' Output help message and exit. `--usage' Output short usage summary and exit. `-V' `--version' Output program version and exit. readmsg -- Extract messages from a folder. ========================================== The program is currently in development sieve ===== The program is currently in development guimb -- A mailbox scanning and processing language. ==================================================== `Guimb' is for mailboxes what `awk' is for text files. It processes mailboxes, applying the user-supplied scheme procedures to each of them in turn and saves the resulting output in mailbox format. Specifying Scheme Program to Execute ------------------------------------ The Scheme program or expression to be executed is passed to `guimb' via the following options: `-e' `--expression EXPR' Execute scheme expression. `-f' `--file PROGFILE' Read and execute program from PROGFILE. You can specify both of them. In this case, the PROGFILE is executed first. Specifying Mailboxes to Operate Upon ------------------------------------ There are four basic ways of passing mailboxes to `guimb'. `guimb [OPTIONS] [mailbox...]' The resulting mailbox is not saved, unless the user-supplied scheme program saves it. `guimb [OPTIONS] --mailbox DEFMBOX' The contents of DEFMBOX is processed and is replaced with the resulting mailbox contents. Useful for applying filters to user's mailbox. `guimb [OPTIONS] --mailbox DEFMBOX mailbox [mailbox...]' The contents of specified mailboxes is processed, and the resulting mailbox contents is appended to DEFMBOX. `guimb [OPTIONS] --user USER [mailbox...]' The contents of specified mailboxes is processed, and the resulting mailbox contents is appended to the user's system mailbox. This allows to use `guimb' as a mail delivery agent. If no mailboxes are specified in the command line, `guimb' reads and processes its standard input. Passing Options to Scheme ------------------------- Sometimes it is necessary to pass some command line options to the scheme procedure. This can be done via `-g' (`--guile-command') command line option. For example: guimb --guile-command -opt --guile-command 24 --file progfile In this example, the scheme procedure will see the following command line: progfile -opt 24 If there are many arguments to be passed to Scheme, it is more convenient to enclose them in `-{' and `-}' escapes: guimb -{ -opt 24 -} --file progfile All arguments enclosed between `-{' and `-}' are not processed by `guimb', they are instead passed to the Scheme program verbatim. Guimb Invocation Summary ------------------------ This is a short summary of the command line options available to `guimb'. `-d' `--debug' Start with debugging evaluator and backtraces. `-e EXPR' `--expression EXPR' Execute given Scheme expression. `-f PROGFILE' `--file PROGFILE' Read Scheme program from PROGFILE. `-g ARG' `--guile-command ARG' Append ARG to the command line passed to Scheme program. `-{ ... -}' Pass all command line options enclosed between `-{' and `-}' to Scheme program. `-m' `--mailbox MBOX' Set default mailbox name. `-u' `--user NAME' Act as local MDA for user NAME. `-h' `--help' Display help message. `-v' `--version' Display program version. Scheme Procedures and Variables ------------------------------- Address Functions ................. - mu-address-get-personal: ADDRESS NUM Return personal part of an email address. - mu-address-get-comments: ADDRESS NUM - mu-address-get-email: ADDRESS NUM Return email part of an email address. - mu-address-get-domain: ADDRESS NUM Return domain part of an email address - mu-address-get-local: ADDRESS NUM Return local part of an email address. - mu-address-get-count: ADDRESS Return number of parts in email address. Mailbox Functions ................. - mu-mailbox-open: URL MODE Opens a mailbox specified by URL. - mu-mailbox-close: MBOX Closes mailbox MBOX - mu-mailbox-get-url: MBOX Returns the URL of the mailbox. - mu-mailbox-get-port: MBOX MODE Returns a port associated with the contents of the MBOX. MODE is a string defining operation mode of the stream. It may contain any of the two characters: `r' for reading, `w' for writing. - mu-mailbox-get-message: MBOX MSGNO Retrieve from MBOX message # MSGNO. - mu-mailbox-messages-count: MBOX Returns number of messages in the mailbox. - mu-mailbox-expunge: MBOX Expunges deleted messages from the mailbox. - mu-mailbox-url: MBOX Returns the URL of the mailbox - mu-mailbox-append-message: MBOX MESG Appends the message to the mailbox Message Functions ................. - mu-message-copy: MESG Creates the copy of the given message. - mu-message-set-header: MESG HEADER VALUE REPLACE Sets new VALUE to the header HEADER of the message MESG. If the HEADER is already present in the message its value is replaced with the supplied one if the optional REPLACE is #t. Otherwise new header is created and appended. - mu-message-get-size: MESG Returns the size of the given message. - mu-message-get-lines: MESG Returns number of lines in the given message. - mu-message-get-sender: MESG Returns the sender email address for the message MESG. - mu-message-get-header: MESG HEADER Returns the header value of the HEADER in the MESG. - mu-message-get-header-fields: MESG HEADERS Returns the list of headers in the MESG. If optional HEADERS is specified it should be a list of header names to restrict return value to. - mu-message-set-header-fields: MESG LIST REPLACE Set the headers in the message MESG from LIST LIST is a list of (cons HEADER VALUE) Optional parameter REPLACE specifies whether the new header values should replace the headers already present in the message. - mu-message-delete: MESG FLAG Mark given message as deleted. Optional FLAG allows to toggle deleted mark The message is deleted if it is #t and undeleted if it is #f - mu-message-get-flag: MESG FLAG Return value of the attribute FLAG. - mu-message-set-flag: MESG FLAG VALUE Set the given attribute of the message. If optional VALUE is #f, the attribute is unset. - mu-message-get-user-flag: MESG FLAG Returns value of the user attribute FLAG. - mu-message-set-user-flag: MESG FLAG VALUE Set the given user attribute of the message. If optional VALUE is #f, the attribute is unset. - mu-message-get-port: MESG MODE FULL Returns a port associated with the given MESG. MODE is a string defining operation mode of the stream. It may contain any of the two characters: `r' for reading, `w' for writing. If optional FULL argument specified, it should be a boolean value. If it is #t then the returned port will allow access to any part of the message (including headers). If it is #f then the port accesses only the message body (the default). - mu-message-get-body: MESG Returns the message body for the message MESG. - mu-message-send: MESG MAILER Sends the message MESG. Optional MAILER overrides default mailer settings in mu-mailer. MIME Functions .............. - mu-mime-create: FLAGS MESG Creates a new MIME object. - mu-mime-multipart?: MIME Returns #t if MIME is a multipart object. - mu-mime-get-num-parts: MIME Returns number of parts in a MIME object. - mu-mime-get-part: MIME PART Returns part number PART from a MIME object. - mu-mime-add-part: MIME MESG Adds MESG to the MIME object. - mu-mime-get-message: MIME Converts MIME object to a message. Log Functions ............. - mu-openlog: IDENT OPTION FACILITY Opens a connection to the system logger for Guile program. - mu-logger: PRIO TEXT Generates a log message to be distributed via syslogd. - mu-closelog: Closes the channel to the system logger open by mu-openlog. Reporting Bugs ************** Email bug reports to . Be sure to include the word "mailutils" somewhere in the "Subject:" field. Acknowledgement *************** In no particular order, Jakob Kaivo , Jeff Bailey , Sean Perry , Thomas Fletcher , Dave Inglis , Brian Edmond , Sam Roberts , Sergey Poznyakoff , Franc,ois Pinard . Concept Index ************* This is a general index of all issues discussed in this manual * Menu: * Acknowledgement: Acknowledgement. * Address: Address. * address_t: Address. * Attribute: Attribute. * Authenticator: Authenticator. * Body: Body. * Concrete API: Concrete API. * Envelope: Envelope. * Folder: Folder. * Framework: Framework. * Headers: Headers. * IMAP4: IMAP4. * IMAP4 Append: IMAP4. * IMAP4 Capability: IMAP4. * IMAP4 Check: IMAP4. * IMAP4 Close: IMAP4. * IMAP4 Copy: IMAP4. * IMAP4 Create: IMAP4. * IMAP4 Delete: IMAP4. * IMAP4 Examine: IMAP4. * IMAP4 Expunge: IMAP4. * IMAP4 Fetch: IMAP4. * IMAP4 Initialization: IMAP4. * IMAP4 List: IMAP4. * IMAP4 Lsub: IMAP4. * IMAP4 Namespace: IMAP4. * IMAP4 Rename: IMAP4. * IMAP4 Search: IMAP4. * IMAP4 Select: IMAP4. * IMAP4 Status: IMAP4. * IMAP4 Store: IMAP4. * IMAP4 Subscribe: IMAP4. * IMAP4 UID Copy: IMAP4. * IMAP4 UID Fetch: IMAP4. * IMAP4 UID Search: IMAP4. * IMAP4 UID Store: IMAP4. * IMAP4 Unsubscribe: IMAP4. * Introduction: Introduction. * Iterator: Iterator. * Locker: Locker. * Mailbox: Mailbox. * mailbox_t: Mailbox. * Maildir: Maildir. * Mailer: Mailer. * Mbox: Mbox. * Mbox channel: Mbox. * Mbox Initialization: Mbox. * Message: Message. * Mh: Mh. * NNTP: NNTP. * NNTP Article: NNTP. * NNTP Body: NNTP. * NNTP Group: NNTP. * NNTP Head: NNTP. * NNTP Help: NNTP. * NNTP IHave: NNTP. * NNTP Initialization: NNTP. * NNTP Last: NNTP. * NNTP List: NNTP. * NNTP NewGroups: NNTP. * NNTP NewNews: NNTP. * NNTP Next: NNTP. * NNTP Post: NNTP. * NNTP Quit: NNTP. * NNTP Slave: NNTP. * NNTP Stat: NNTP. * Parse822: Parse822. * POP3: POP3. * POP3 Apop: POP3. * POP3 Capa: POP3. * POP3 channel: POP3. * POP3 Dele: POP3. * POP3 Initialization: POP3. * POP3 List: POP3. * POP3 Noop: POP3. * POP3 Pass: POP3. * POP3 Quit: POP3. * POP3 Retr: POP3. * POP3 Rset: POP3. * POP3 Stat: POP3. * Pop3 Timeout: POP3. * POP3 Top: POP3. * POP3 Uidl: POP3. * POP3 User: POP3. * pop3_t: POP3. * Programs: Programs. * Reporting Bugs: Reporting Bugs. * Sendmail: Sendmail. * SMTP: SMTP. * SMTP Data: SMTP. * SMTP Expn: SMTP. * SMTP Helo: SMTP. * SMTP Help: SMTP. * SMTP Help functions: SMTP. * SMTP Initialization: SMTP. * SMTP Mail From: SMTP. * SMTP Noop: SMTP. * SMTP Quit: SMTP. * SMTP Recpt To: SMTP. * SMTP Reset: SMTP. * SMTP Verify: SMTP. * smtp_t: SMTP. * Stream: Stream. * struct pop3_list: POP3. * URL: URL. Index ***** This is an alphabetical list of all MAILUTILS functions. * Menu: * : Log Functions. * ADDRESS: Address Functions. * address_create: Address. * address_destroy: Address. * address_get_comments: Address. * address_get_count: Address. * address_get_domain: Address. * address_get_email: Address. * address_get_local_part: Address. * address_get_personal: Address. * address_get_route: Address. * address_is_group: Address. * address_to_string: Address. * attribute_copy: Attribute. * attribute_create: Attribute. * attribute_destroy: Attribute. * attribute_is_answered: Attribute. * attribute_is_deleted: Attribute. * attribute_is_draft: Attribute. * attribute_is_equal: Attribute. * attribute_is_flagged: Attribute. * attribute_is_read: Attribute. * attribute_is_recent: Attribute. * attribute_is_seen: Attribute. * attribute_set_answered: Attribute. * attribute_set_deleted: Attribute. * attribute_set_draft: Attribute. * attribute_set_flagged: Attribute. * attribute_set_read: Attribute. * attribute_set_recent: Attribute. * attribute_set_seen: Attribute. * attribute_to_string: Attribute. * attribute_unset_answered: Attribute. * attribute_unset_deleted: Attribute. * attribute_unset_draft: Attribute. * attribute_unset_flagged: Attribute. * attribute_unset_read: Attribute. * attribute_unset_recent: Attribute. * attribute_unset_seen: Attribute. * auth_authenticate: Authenticator. * auth_create: Authenticator. * auth_destroy: Authenticator. * auth_epilogue: Authenticator. * auth_prologue: Authenticator. * body_create: Body. * body_destroy: Body. * body_get_filename: Body. * body_get_stream: Body. * body_lines: Body. * body_set_filename: Body. * body_set_stream: Body. * body_size: Body. * char*: URL. * decoder_stream_create: Stream. * encoder_stream_create: Stream. * envelope_create: Envelope. * envelope_date: Envelope. * envelope_destroy: Envelope. * envelope_get_message: Envelope. * envelope_sender: Envelope. * envelope_set_date: Envelope. * envelope_set_sender: Envelope. * file_stream_create: Stream. * FLAGS: MIME Functions. * folder_close: Folder. * folder_create: Folder. * folder_delete: Folder. * folder_destroy: Folder. * folder_get_authority: Folder. * folder_get_debug: Folder. * folder_get_observable: Folder. * folder_get_stream: Folder. * folder_get_url: Folder. * folder_list: Folder. * folder_lsub: Folder. * folder_open: Folder. * folder_rename: Folder. * folder_set_authority: Folder. * folder_set_debug: Folder. * folder_set_stream: Folder. * folder_set_url: Folder. * folder_subscribe: Folder. * folder_unsubscribe: Folder. * header_aget_value: Headers. * header_create: Headers. * header_destroy: Headers. * header_get_stream: Headers. * header_get_value: Headers. * header_set_lines: Headers. * header_set_size: Headers. * header_set_value: Headers. * IDENT: Log Functions. * imap4_append: IMAP4. * imap4_capability: IMAP4. * imap4_check: IMAP4. * imap4_close: IMAP4. * imap4_copy: IMAP4. * imap4_create: IMAP4. * imap4_create_mailbox: IMAP4. * imap4_delete: IMAP4. * imap4_examine: IMAP4. * imap4_expunge: IMAP4. * imap4_fetch: IMAP4. * imap4_list: IMAP4. * imap4_lsub: IMAP4. * imap4_namespace: IMAP4. * imap4_open: IMAP4. * imap4_rename: IMAP4. * imap4_search: IMAP4. * imap4_select: IMAP4. * imap4_status: IMAP4. * imap4_store: IMAP4. * imap4_subscribe: IMAP4. * imap4_uid_copy: IMAP4. * imap4_uid_fetch: IMAP4. * imap4_uid_search: IMAP4. * imap4_uid_store: IMAP4. * imap4_unsubscribe: IMAP4. * imap4d_set_timeout: IMAP4. * int: SMTP. * iterator_create: Iterator. * iterator_current: Iterator. * iterator_destroy: Iterator. * iterator_first: Iterator. * iterator_is_done: Iterator. * iterator_next: Iterator. * locker_create: Locker. * locker_destroy: Locker. * locker_lock: Locker. * locker_touchlock: Locker. * locker_unlock: Locker. * mailbox_append_message: Mailbox. * mailbox_close: Mailbox. * mailbox_create: Mailbox. * mailbox_create_default: Mailbox. * mailbox_destroy: Mailbox. * mailbox_expunge: Mailbox. * mailbox_get_debug: Mailbox. * mailbox_get_folder: Mailbox. * mailbox_get_locker: Mailbox. * mailbox_get_message: Mailbox. * mailbox_get_observable: Mailbox. * mailbox_get_property: Mailbox. * mailbox_get_size: Mailbox. * mailbox_get_stream: Mailbox. * mailbox_get_ticket: Mailbox. * mailbox_get_url: Mailbox. * mailbox_is_modified: Mailbox. * mailbox_message_unseen: Mailbox. * mailbox_messages_count: Mailbox. * mailbox_messages_recent: Mailbox. * mailbox_open: Mailbox. * mailbox_scan: Mailbox. * mailbox_set_locker: Mailbox. * mailbox_set_stream: Mailbox. * mailbox_set_ticket: Mailbox. * mailbox_uidnext: Mailbox. * mailbox_uidvalidity: Mailbox. * mailer_close: Mailer. * mailer_create: Mailer. * mailer_destroy: Mailer. * mailer_get_debug: Mailer. * mailer_get_observable: Mailer. * mailer_get_property: Mailer. * mailer_get_stream: Mailer. * mailer_get_url: Mailer. * mailer_open: Mailer. * mailer_send_message: Mailer. * mailer_set_debug: Mailer. * mailer_set_stream: Mailer. * mapfile_stream_create: Stream. * MBOX: Mailbox Functions. * mbox_append: Mbox. * mbox_append_hb: Mbox. * mbox_close: Mbox. * mbox_create: Mbox. * mbox_destroy: Mbox. * mbox_expunge: Mbox. * mbox_get_attribute: Mbox. * mbox_get_bstream: Mbox. * mbox_get_carrier: Mbox. * mbox_get_hstream: Mbox. * mbox_get_separator: Mbox. * mbox_get_size: Mbox. * mbox_mak_deleted: Mbox. * mbox_open: Mbox. * mbox_save: Mbox. * mbox_scan: Mbox. * mbox_set_blines: Mbox. * mbox_set_bsize: Mbox. * mbox_set_bstream: Mbox. * mbox_set_carrier: Mbox. * mbox_set_hlines: Mbox. * mbox_set_hsize: Mbox. * mbox_set_hstream: Mbox. * mbox_set_newmsg_cb: Mbox. * mbox_set_progress_cb: Mbox. * mbox_set_separator: Mbox. * mbox_uidnext: Mbox. * mbox_uidvalidity: Mbox. * mbox_unmak_deleted: Mbox. * MESG: Message Functions. * message_create: Message. * message_create_attachment: Message. * message_destroy: Message. * message_encapsulate: Message. * message_get_attribute: Message. * message_get_body: Message. * message_get_envelope: Message. * message_get_header: Message. * message_get_num_parts: Message. * message_get_observable: Message. * message_get_part: Message. * message_get_stream: Message. * message_get_uid: Message. * message_get_uidl: Message. * message_is_multipart: Message. * message_save_attachment: Message. * message_set_attribute: Message. * message_set_body: Message. * message_set_envelope: Message. * message_set_header: Message. * message_set_stream: Message. * message_set_uidl: Message. * message_unencapsulate: Message. * MIME: MIME Functions. * MU_STREAM_APPEND: Stream. * MU_STREAM_CREAT: Stream. * MU_STREAM_NO_CHECK: Stream. * MU_STREAM_NONBLOCK: Stream. * MU_STREAM_RDWR: Stream. * MU_STREAM_READ: Stream. * MU_STREAM_WRITE: Stream. * nntp_article: NNTP. * nntp_body: NNTP. * nntp_create: NNTP. * nntp_destroy: NNTP. * nntp_group: NNTP. * nntp_head: NNTP. * nntp_help: NNTP. * nntp_ihave: NNTP. * nntp_last: NNTP. * nntp_list: NNTP. * nntp_newgroups: NNTP. * nntp_newnews: NNTP. * nntp_next: NNTP. * nntp_open: NNTP. * nntp_post: NNTP. * nntp_quit: NNTP. * nntp_slave: NNTP. * nntp_stat: NNTP. * parse822_addr_spec: Parse822. * parse822_address: Parse822. * parse822_address_list: Parse822. * parse822_domain: Parse822. * parse822_domain_literal: Parse822. * parse822_domain_ref: Parse822. * parse822_field_body: Parse822. * parse822_field_name: Parse822. * parse822_group: Parse822. * parse822_local_part: Parse822. * parse822_mail_box: Parse822. * parse822_quote_local_part: Parse822. * parse822_quote_string: Parse822. * parse822_route: Parse822. * parse822_route_addr: Parse822. * parse822_sub_domain: Parse822. * parse822_unix_mbox: Parse822. * pop3_apop: POP3. * pop3_capa: POP3. * pop3_connect: POP3. * pop3_create: POP3. * pop3_dele: POP3. * pop3_destroy: POP3. * pop3_get_carrier: POP3. * pop3_get_timeout: POP3. * pop3_list: POP3. * pop3_list_all: POP3. * pop3_list_current: POP3. * pop3_noop: POP3. * pop3_pass: POP3. * pop3_quit: POP3. * pop3_response: POP3. * pop3_retr: POP3. * pop3_rset: POP3. * pop3_send: POP3. * pop3_sendline: POP3. * pop3_set_carrier: POP3. * pop3_set_timeout: POP3. * pop3_stat: POP3. * pop3_top: POP3. * pop3_uidl: POP3. * pop3_uidl_all: POP3. * pop3_uidl_current: POP3. * pop3_user: POP3. * pop3_writeline: POP3. * PRIO: Log Functions. * smtp_create: SMTP. * smtp_data: SMTP. * smtp_destroy: SMTP. * smtp_ehlo: SMTP. * smtp_expn: SMTP. * smtp_helo: SMTP. * smtp_help: SMTP. * smtp_mail_from: SMTP. * smtp_noop: SMTP. * smtp_open: SMTP. * smtp_quit: SMTP. * smtp_rcpt_to: SMTP. * smtp_reset: SMTP. * smtp_verify: SMTP. * stream_close: Stream. * stream_create: Stream. * stream_destroy: Stream. * stream_flush: Stream. * stream_get_fd: Stream. * stream_get_flags: Stream. * stream_get_state: Stream. * stream_open: Stream. * stream_read: Stream. * stream_readline: Stream. * stream_size: Stream. * stream_truncate: Stream. * stream_write: Stream. * string_to_attribute: Attribute. * tcp_stream_create: Stream. * URL: Mailbox Functions. * url_create: URL. * url_decode: URL. * url_destroy: URL. * url_get_host: URL. * url_get_passwd: URL. * url_get_path: URL. * url_get_port: URL. * url_get_query: URL. * url_get_scheme: URL. * url_get_user: URL. * url_parse: URL.