Operands of expressions are accessed using the macros XEXP,
XINT, XWINT and XSTR. Each of these macros takes
two arguments: an expression-pointer (RTX) and an operand number
(counting from zero). Thus,
XEXP (x, 2)
accesses operand 2 of expression x, as an expression.
XINT (x, 2)
accesses the same operand as an integer. XSTR, used in the same
fashion, would access it as a string.
Any operand can be accessed as an integer, as an expression or as a string. You must choose the correct method of access for the kind of value actually stored in the operand. You would do this based on the expression code of the containing expression. That is also how you would know how many operands there are.
For example, if x is an int_list expression, you know that it has
two operands which can be correctly accessed as XINT (x, 0)
and XEXP (x, 1). Incorrect accesses like
XEXP (x, 0) and XINT (x, 1) would compile,
but would trigger an internal compiler error when rtl checking is enabled.
Nothing stops you from writing XEXP (x, 28) either, but
this will access memory past the end of the expression with
unpredictable results.
Access to operands which are vectors is more complicated. You can use the
macro XVEC to get the vector-pointer itself, or the macros
XVECEXP and XVECLEN to access the elements and length of a
vector.
XVEC (exp, idx) ¶Access the vector-pointer which is operand number idx in exp.
XVECLEN (exp, idx) ¶Access the length (number of elements) in the vector which is
in operand number idx in exp. This value is an int.
XVECEXP (exp, idx, eltnum) ¶Access element number eltnum in the vector which is in operand number idx in exp. This value is an RTX.
It is up to you to make sure that eltnum is not negative
and is less than XVECLEN (exp, idx).
All the macros defined in this section expand into lvalues and therefore can be used to assign the operands, lengths and vector elements as well as to access them.