libstdc++
basic_string.h
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1 // Components for manipulating sequences of characters -*- C++ -*-
2 
3 // Copyright (C) 1997-2015 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
4 //
5 // This file is part of the GNU ISO C++ Library. This library is free
6 // software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the
7 // terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the
8 // Free Software Foundation; either version 3, or (at your option)
9 // any later version.
10 
11 // This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
12 // but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
13 // MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
14 // GNU General Public License for more details.
15 
16 // Under Section 7 of GPL version 3, you are granted additional
17 // permissions described in the GCC Runtime Library Exception, version
18 // 3.1, as published by the Free Software Foundation.
19 
20 // You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License and
21 // a copy of the GCC Runtime Library Exception along with this program;
22 // see the files COPYING3 and COPYING.RUNTIME respectively. If not, see
23 // <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
24 
25 /** @file bits/basic_string.h
26  * This is an internal header file, included by other library headers.
27  * Do not attempt to use it directly. @headername{string}
28  */
29 
30 //
31 // ISO C++ 14882: 21 Strings library
32 //
33 
34 #ifndef _BASIC_STRING_H
35 #define _BASIC_STRING_H 1
36 
37 #pragma GCC system_header
38 
39 #include <ext/atomicity.h>
40 #include <ext/alloc_traits.h>
41 #include <debug/debug.h>
42 #if __cplusplus >= 201103L
43 #include <initializer_list>
44 #endif
45 
46 namespace std _GLIBCXX_VISIBILITY(default)
47 {
48 _GLIBCXX_BEGIN_NAMESPACE_VERSION
49 
50 #if _GLIBCXX_USE_CXX11_ABI
51 _GLIBCXX_BEGIN_NAMESPACE_CXX11
52  /**
53  * @class basic_string basic_string.h <string>
54  * @brief Managing sequences of characters and character-like objects.
55  *
56  * @ingroup strings
57  * @ingroup sequences
58  *
59  * @tparam _CharT Type of character
60  * @tparam _Traits Traits for character type, defaults to
61  * char_traits<_CharT>.
62  * @tparam _Alloc Allocator type, defaults to allocator<_CharT>.
63  *
64  * Meets the requirements of a <a href="tables.html#65">container</a>, a
65  * <a href="tables.html#66">reversible container</a>, and a
66  * <a href="tables.html#67">sequence</a>. Of the
67  * <a href="tables.html#68">optional sequence requirements</a>, only
68  * @c push_back, @c at, and @c %array access are supported.
69  */
70  template<typename _CharT, typename _Traits, typename _Alloc>
71  class basic_string
72  {
74  rebind<_CharT>::other _Char_alloc_type;
75  typedef __gnu_cxx::__alloc_traits<_Char_alloc_type> _Alloc_traits;
76 
77  // Types:
78  public:
79  typedef _Traits traits_type;
80  typedef typename _Traits::char_type value_type;
81  typedef _Char_alloc_type allocator_type;
82  typedef typename _Alloc_traits::size_type size_type;
83  typedef typename _Alloc_traits::difference_type difference_type;
84  typedef typename _Alloc_traits::reference reference;
85  typedef typename _Alloc_traits::const_reference const_reference;
86  typedef typename _Alloc_traits::pointer pointer;
87  typedef typename _Alloc_traits::const_pointer const_pointer;
88  typedef __gnu_cxx::__normal_iterator<pointer, basic_string> iterator;
89  typedef __gnu_cxx::__normal_iterator<const_pointer, basic_string>
90  const_iterator;
91  typedef std::reverse_iterator<const_iterator> const_reverse_iterator;
92  typedef std::reverse_iterator<iterator> reverse_iterator;
93 
94  /// Value returned by various member functions when they fail.
95  static const size_type npos = static_cast<size_type>(-1);
96 
97  private:
98  // type used for positions in insert, erase etc.
99 #if __cplusplus < 201103L
100  typedef iterator __const_iterator;
101 #else
102  typedef const_iterator __const_iterator;
103 #endif
104 
105  // Use empty-base optimization: http://www.cantrip.org/emptyopt.html
106  struct _Alloc_hider : allocator_type // TODO check __is_final
107  {
108  _Alloc_hider(pointer __dat, const _Alloc& __a = _Alloc())
109  : allocator_type(__a), _M_p(__dat) { }
110 
111  pointer _M_p; // The actual data.
112  };
113 
114  _Alloc_hider _M_dataplus;
115  size_type _M_string_length;
116 
117  enum { _S_local_capacity = 15 / sizeof(_CharT) };
118 
119  union
120  {
121  _CharT _M_local_buf[_S_local_capacity + 1];
122  size_type _M_allocated_capacity;
123  };
124 
125  void
126  _M_data(pointer __p)
127  { _M_dataplus._M_p = __p; }
128 
129  void
130  _M_length(size_type __length)
131  { _M_string_length = __length; }
132 
133  pointer
134  _M_data() const
135  { return _M_dataplus._M_p; }
136 
137  pointer
138  _M_local_data()
139  {
140 #if __cplusplus >= 201103L
141  return std::pointer_traits<pointer>::pointer_to(*_M_local_buf);
142 #else
143  return pointer(_M_local_buf);
144 #endif
145  }
146 
147  const_pointer
148  _M_local_data() const
149  {
150 #if __cplusplus >= 201103L
152 #else
153  return const_pointer(_M_local_buf);
154 #endif
155  }
156 
157  void
158  _M_capacity(size_type __capacity)
159  { _M_allocated_capacity = __capacity; }
160 
161  void
162  _M_set_length(size_type __n)
163  {
164  _M_length(__n);
165  traits_type::assign(_M_data()[__n], _CharT());
166  }
167 
168  bool
169  _M_is_local() const
170  { return _M_data() == _M_local_data(); }
171 
172  // Create & Destroy
173  pointer
174  _M_create(size_type&, size_type);
175 
176  void
177  _M_dispose()
178  {
179  if (!_M_is_local())
180  _M_destroy(_M_allocated_capacity);
181  }
182 
183  void
184  _M_destroy(size_type __size) throw()
185  { _Alloc_traits::deallocate(_M_get_allocator(), _M_data(), __size + 1); }
186 
187  // _M_construct_aux is used to implement the 21.3.1 para 15 which
188  // requires special behaviour if _InIterator is an integral type
189  template<typename _InIterator>
190  void
191  _M_construct_aux(_InIterator __beg, _InIterator __end,
192  std::__false_type)
193  {
194  typedef typename iterator_traits<_InIterator>::iterator_category _Tag;
195  _M_construct(__beg, __end, _Tag());
196  }
197 
198  // _GLIBCXX_RESOLVE_LIB_DEFECTS
199  // 438. Ambiguity in the "do the right thing" clause
200  template<typename _Integer>
201  void
202  _M_construct_aux(_Integer __beg, _Integer __end, std::__true_type)
203  { _M_construct_aux_2(static_cast<size_type>(__beg), __end); }
204 
205  void
206  _M_construct_aux_2(size_type __req, _CharT __c)
207  { _M_construct(__req, __c); }
208 
209  template<typename _InIterator>
210  void
211  _M_construct(_InIterator __beg, _InIterator __end)
212  {
213  typedef typename std::__is_integer<_InIterator>::__type _Integral;
214  _M_construct_aux(__beg, __end, _Integral());
215  }
216 
217  // For Input Iterators, used in istreambuf_iterators, etc.
218  template<typename _InIterator>
219  void
220  _M_construct(_InIterator __beg, _InIterator __end,
222 
223  // For forward_iterators up to random_access_iterators, used for
224  // string::iterator, _CharT*, etc.
225  template<typename _FwdIterator>
226  void
227  _M_construct(_FwdIterator __beg, _FwdIterator __end,
229 
230  void
231  _M_construct(size_type __req, _CharT __c);
232 
233  allocator_type&
234  _M_get_allocator()
235  { return _M_dataplus; }
236 
237  const allocator_type&
238  _M_get_allocator() const
239  { return _M_dataplus; }
240 
241  private:
242 
243 #ifdef _GLIBCXX_DISAMBIGUATE_REPLACE_INST
244  // The explicit instantiations in misc-inst.cc require this due to
245  // https://gcc.gnu.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=64063
246  template<typename _Tp, bool _Requires =
247  !__are_same<_Tp, _CharT*>::__value
248  && !__are_same<_Tp, const _CharT*>::__value
249  && !__are_same<_Tp, iterator>::__value
250  && !__are_same<_Tp, const_iterator>::__value>
251  struct __enable_if_not_native_iterator
252  { typedef basic_string& __type; };
253  template<typename _Tp>
254  struct __enable_if_not_native_iterator<_Tp, false> { };
255 #endif
256 
257  size_type
258  _M_check(size_type __pos, const char* __s) const
259  {
260  if (__pos > this->size())
261  __throw_out_of_range_fmt(__N("%s: __pos (which is %zu) > "
262  "this->size() (which is %zu)"),
263  __s, __pos, this->size());
264  return __pos;
265  }
266 
267  void
268  _M_check_length(size_type __n1, size_type __n2, const char* __s) const
269  {
270  if (this->max_size() - (this->size() - __n1) < __n2)
271  __throw_length_error(__N(__s));
272  }
273 
274 
275  // NB: _M_limit doesn't check for a bad __pos value.
276  size_type
277  _M_limit(size_type __pos, size_type __off) const _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
278  {
279  const bool __testoff = __off < this->size() - __pos;
280  return __testoff ? __off : this->size() - __pos;
281  }
282 
283  // True if _Rep and source do not overlap.
284  bool
285  _M_disjunct(const _CharT* __s) const _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
286  {
287  return (less<const _CharT*>()(__s, _M_data())
288  || less<const _CharT*>()(_M_data() + this->size(), __s));
289  }
290 
291  // When __n = 1 way faster than the general multichar
292  // traits_type::copy/move/assign.
293  static void
294  _S_copy(_CharT* __d, const _CharT* __s, size_type __n)
295  {
296  if (__n == 1)
297  traits_type::assign(*__d, *__s);
298  else
299  traits_type::copy(__d, __s, __n);
300  }
301 
302  static void
303  _S_move(_CharT* __d, const _CharT* __s, size_type __n)
304  {
305  if (__n == 1)
306  traits_type::assign(*__d, *__s);
307  else
308  traits_type::move(__d, __s, __n);
309  }
310 
311  static void
312  _S_assign(_CharT* __d, size_type __n, _CharT __c)
313  {
314  if (__n == 1)
315  traits_type::assign(*__d, __c);
316  else
317  traits_type::assign(__d, __n, __c);
318  }
319 
320  // _S_copy_chars is a separate template to permit specialization
321  // to optimize for the common case of pointers as iterators.
322  template<class _Iterator>
323  static void
324  _S_copy_chars(_CharT* __p, _Iterator __k1, _Iterator __k2)
325  {
326  for (; __k1 != __k2; ++__k1, ++__p)
327  traits_type::assign(*__p, *__k1); // These types are off.
328  }
329 
330  static void
331  _S_copy_chars(_CharT* __p, iterator __k1, iterator __k2) _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
332  { _S_copy_chars(__p, __k1.base(), __k2.base()); }
333 
334  static void
335  _S_copy_chars(_CharT* __p, const_iterator __k1, const_iterator __k2)
336  _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
337  { _S_copy_chars(__p, __k1.base(), __k2.base()); }
338 
339  static void
340  _S_copy_chars(_CharT* __p, _CharT* __k1, _CharT* __k2) _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
341  { _S_copy(__p, __k1, __k2 - __k1); }
342 
343  static void
344  _S_copy_chars(_CharT* __p, const _CharT* __k1, const _CharT* __k2)
345  _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
346  { _S_copy(__p, __k1, __k2 - __k1); }
347 
348  static int
349  _S_compare(size_type __n1, size_type __n2) _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
350  {
351  const difference_type __d = difference_type(__n1 - __n2);
352 
353  if (__d > __gnu_cxx::__numeric_traits<int>::__max)
354  return __gnu_cxx::__numeric_traits<int>::__max;
355  else if (__d < __gnu_cxx::__numeric_traits<int>::__min)
356  return __gnu_cxx::__numeric_traits<int>::__min;
357  else
358  return int(__d);
359  }
360 
361  void
362  _M_assign(const basic_string& __rcs);
363 
364  void
365  _M_mutate(size_type __pos, size_type __len1, const _CharT* __s,
366  size_type __len2);
367 
368  void
369  _M_erase(size_type __pos, size_type __n);
370 
371  public:
372  // Construct/copy/destroy:
373  // NB: We overload ctors in some cases instead of using default
374  // arguments, per 17.4.4.4 para. 2 item 2.
375 
376  /**
377  * @brief Default constructor creates an empty string.
378  */
379  basic_string()
380 #if __cplusplus >= 201103L
381  noexcept(is_nothrow_default_constructible<_Alloc>::value)
382 #endif
383  : _M_dataplus(_M_local_data())
384  { _M_set_length(0); }
385 
386  /**
387  * @brief Construct an empty string using allocator @a a.
388  */
389  explicit
390  basic_string(const _Alloc& __a)
391  : _M_dataplus(_M_local_data(), __a)
392  { _M_set_length(0); }
393 
394  /**
395  * @brief Construct string with copy of value of @a __str.
396  * @param __str Source string.
397  */
398  basic_string(const basic_string& __str)
399  : _M_dataplus(_M_local_data(), __str._M_get_allocator()) // TODO A traits
400  { _M_construct(__str._M_data(), __str._M_data() + __str.length()); }
401 
402  /**
403  * @brief Construct string as copy of a substring.
404  * @param __str Source string.
405  * @param __pos Index of first character to copy from.
406  * @param __n Number of characters to copy (default remainder).
407  */
408  // _GLIBCXX_RESOLVE_LIB_DEFECTS
409  // 2402. [this constructor] shouldn't use Allocator()
410  basic_string(const basic_string& __str, size_type __pos,
411  size_type __n = npos)
412  : _M_dataplus(_M_local_data())
413  {
414  const _CharT* __start = __str._M_data()
415  + __str._M_check(__pos, "basic_string::basic_string");
416  _M_construct(__start, __start + __str._M_limit(__pos, __n));
417  }
418 
419  /**
420  * @brief Construct string as copy of a substring.
421  * @param __str Source string.
422  * @param __pos Index of first character to copy from.
423  * @param __n Number of characters to copy (default remainder).
424  * @param __a Allocator to use.
425  */
426  basic_string(const basic_string& __str, size_type __pos,
427  size_type __n, const _Alloc& __a)
428  : _M_dataplus(_M_local_data(), __a)
429  {
430  const _CharT* __start
431  = __str._M_data() + __str._M_check(__pos, "string::string");
432  _M_construct(__start, __start + __str._M_limit(__pos, __n));
433  }
434 
435  /**
436  * @brief Construct string initialized by a character %array.
437  * @param __s Source character %array.
438  * @param __n Number of characters to copy.
439  * @param __a Allocator to use (default is default allocator).
440  *
441  * NB: @a __s must have at least @a __n characters, &apos;\\0&apos;
442  * has no special meaning.
443  */
444  basic_string(const _CharT* __s, size_type __n,
445  const _Alloc& __a = _Alloc())
446  : _M_dataplus(_M_local_data(), __a)
447  { _M_construct(__s, __s + __n); }
448 
449  /**
450  * @brief Construct string as copy of a C string.
451  * @param __s Source C string.
452  * @param __a Allocator to use (default is default allocator).
453  */
454  basic_string(const _CharT* __s, const _Alloc& __a = _Alloc())
455  : _M_dataplus(_M_local_data(), __a)
456  { _M_construct(__s, __s ? __s + traits_type::length(__s) : __s+npos); }
457 
458  /**
459  * @brief Construct string as multiple characters.
460  * @param __n Number of characters.
461  * @param __c Character to use.
462  * @param __a Allocator to use (default is default allocator).
463  */
464  basic_string(size_type __n, _CharT __c, const _Alloc& __a = _Alloc())
465  : _M_dataplus(_M_local_data(), __a)
466  { _M_construct(__n, __c); }
467 
468 #if __cplusplus >= 201103L
469  /**
470  * @brief Move construct string.
471  * @param __str Source string.
472  *
473  * The newly-created string contains the exact contents of @a __str.
474  * @a __str is a valid, but unspecified string.
475  **/
476  basic_string(basic_string&& __str) noexcept
477  : _M_dataplus(_M_local_data(), std::move(__str._M_get_allocator()))
478  {
479  if (__str._M_is_local())
480  {
481  traits_type::copy(_M_local_buf, __str._M_local_buf,
482  _S_local_capacity + 1);
483  }
484  else
485  {
486  _M_data(__str._M_data());
487  _M_capacity(__str._M_allocated_capacity);
488  }
489 
490  // Must use _M_length() here not _M_set_length() because
491  // basic_stringbuf relies on writing into unallocated capacity so
492  // we mess up the contents if we put a '\0' in the string.
493  _M_length(__str.length());
494  __str._M_data(__str._M_local_data());
495  __str._M_set_length(0);
496  }
497 
498  /**
499  * @brief Construct string from an initializer %list.
500  * @param __l std::initializer_list of characters.
501  * @param __a Allocator to use (default is default allocator).
502  */
503  basic_string(initializer_list<_CharT> __l, const _Alloc& __a = _Alloc())
504  : _M_dataplus(_M_local_data(), __a)
505  { _M_construct(__l.begin(), __l.end()); }
506 
507  basic_string(const basic_string& __str, const _Alloc& __a)
508  : _M_dataplus(_M_local_data(), __a)
509  { _M_construct(__str.begin(), __str.end()); }
510 
511  basic_string(basic_string&& __str, const _Alloc& __a)
512  : _M_dataplus(_M_local_data(), __a)
513  {
514  if (__str.get_allocator() == __a)
515  *this = std::move(__str);
516  else
517  _M_construct(__str.begin(), __str.end());
518  }
519 
520 #endif // C++11
521 
522  /**
523  * @brief Construct string as copy of a range.
524  * @param __beg Start of range.
525  * @param __end End of range.
526  * @param __a Allocator to use (default is default allocator).
527  */
528 #if __cplusplus >= 201103L
529  template<typename _InputIterator,
530  typename = std::_RequireInputIter<_InputIterator>>
531 #else
532  template<typename _InputIterator>
533 #endif
534  basic_string(_InputIterator __beg, _InputIterator __end,
535  const _Alloc& __a = _Alloc())
536  : _M_dataplus(_M_local_data(), __a)
537  { _M_construct(__beg, __end); }
538 
539  /**
540  * @brief Destroy the string instance.
541  */
542  ~basic_string()
543  { _M_dispose(); }
544 
545  /**
546  * @brief Assign the value of @a str to this string.
547  * @param __str Source string.
548  */
549  basic_string&
550  operator=(const basic_string& __str)
551  { return this->assign(__str); }
552 
553  /**
554  * @brief Copy contents of @a s into this string.
555  * @param __s Source null-terminated string.
556  */
557  basic_string&
558  operator=(const _CharT* __s)
559  { return this->assign(__s); }
560 
561  /**
562  * @brief Set value to string of length 1.
563  * @param __c Source character.
564  *
565  * Assigning to a character makes this string length 1 and
566  * (*this)[0] == @a c.
567  */
568  basic_string&
569  operator=(_CharT __c)
570  {
571  this->assign(1, __c);
572  return *this;
573  }
574 
575 #if __cplusplus >= 201103L
576  /**
577  * @brief Move assign the value of @a str to this string.
578  * @param __str Source string.
579  *
580  * The contents of @a str are moved into this string (without copying).
581  * @a str is a valid, but unspecified string.
582  **/
583  // PR 58265, this should be noexcept.
584  // _GLIBCXX_RESOLVE_LIB_DEFECTS
585  // 2063. Contradictory requirements for string move assignment
586  basic_string&
587  operator=(basic_string&& __str)
588  {
589  this->swap(__str);
590  return *this;
591  }
592 
593  /**
594  * @brief Set value to string constructed from initializer %list.
595  * @param __l std::initializer_list.
596  */
597  basic_string&
598  operator=(initializer_list<_CharT> __l)
599  {
600  this->assign(__l.begin(), __l.size());
601  return *this;
602  }
603 #endif // C++11
604 
605  // Iterators:
606  /**
607  * Returns a read/write iterator that points to the first character in
608  * the %string.
609  */
610  iterator
611  begin() _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
612  { return iterator(_M_data()); }
613 
614  /**
615  * Returns a read-only (constant) iterator that points to the first
616  * character in the %string.
617  */
618  const_iterator
619  begin() const _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
620  { return const_iterator(_M_data()); }
621 
622  /**
623  * Returns a read/write iterator that points one past the last
624  * character in the %string.
625  */
626  iterator
627  end() _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
628  { return iterator(_M_data() + this->size()); }
629 
630  /**
631  * Returns a read-only (constant) iterator that points one past the
632  * last character in the %string.
633  */
634  const_iterator
635  end() const _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
636  { return const_iterator(_M_data() + this->size()); }
637 
638  /**
639  * Returns a read/write reverse iterator that points to the last
640  * character in the %string. Iteration is done in reverse element
641  * order.
642  */
643  reverse_iterator
644  rbegin() _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
645  { return reverse_iterator(this->end()); }
646 
647  /**
648  * Returns a read-only (constant) reverse iterator that points
649  * to the last character in the %string. Iteration is done in
650  * reverse element order.
651  */
652  const_reverse_iterator
653  rbegin() const _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
654  { return const_reverse_iterator(this->end()); }
655 
656  /**
657  * Returns a read/write reverse iterator that points to one before the
658  * first character in the %string. Iteration is done in reverse
659  * element order.
660  */
661  reverse_iterator
662  rend() _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
663  { return reverse_iterator(this->begin()); }
664 
665  /**
666  * Returns a read-only (constant) reverse iterator that points
667  * to one before the first character in the %string. Iteration
668  * is done in reverse element order.
669  */
670  const_reverse_iterator
671  rend() const _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
672  { return const_reverse_iterator(this->begin()); }
673 
674 #if __cplusplus >= 201103L
675  /**
676  * Returns a read-only (constant) iterator that points to the first
677  * character in the %string.
678  */
679  const_iterator
680  cbegin() const noexcept
681  { return const_iterator(this->_M_data()); }
682 
683  /**
684  * Returns a read-only (constant) iterator that points one past the
685  * last character in the %string.
686  */
687  const_iterator
688  cend() const noexcept
689  { return const_iterator(this->_M_data() + this->size()); }
690 
691  /**
692  * Returns a read-only (constant) reverse iterator that points
693  * to the last character in the %string. Iteration is done in
694  * reverse element order.
695  */
696  const_reverse_iterator
697  crbegin() const noexcept
698  { return const_reverse_iterator(this->end()); }
699 
700  /**
701  * Returns a read-only (constant) reverse iterator that points
702  * to one before the first character in the %string. Iteration
703  * is done in reverse element order.
704  */
705  const_reverse_iterator
706  crend() const noexcept
707  { return const_reverse_iterator(this->begin()); }
708 #endif
709 
710  public:
711  // Capacity:
712  /// Returns the number of characters in the string, not including any
713  /// null-termination.
714  size_type
715  size() const _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
716  { return _M_string_length; }
717 
718  /// Returns the number of characters in the string, not including any
719  /// null-termination.
720  size_type
721  length() const _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
722  { return _M_string_length; }
723 
724  /// Returns the size() of the largest possible %string.
725  size_type
726  max_size() const _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
727  { return (_Alloc_traits::max_size(_M_get_allocator()) - 1) / 2; }
728 
729  /**
730  * @brief Resizes the %string to the specified number of characters.
731  * @param __n Number of characters the %string should contain.
732  * @param __c Character to fill any new elements.
733  *
734  * This function will %resize the %string to the specified
735  * number of characters. If the number is smaller than the
736  * %string's current size the %string is truncated, otherwise
737  * the %string is extended and new elements are %set to @a __c.
738  */
739  void
740  resize(size_type __n, _CharT __c);
741 
742  /**
743  * @brief Resizes the %string to the specified number of characters.
744  * @param __n Number of characters the %string should contain.
745  *
746  * This function will resize the %string to the specified length. If
747  * the new size is smaller than the %string's current size the %string
748  * is truncated, otherwise the %string is extended and new characters
749  * are default-constructed. For basic types such as char, this means
750  * setting them to 0.
751  */
752  void
753  resize(size_type __n)
754  { this->resize(__n, _CharT()); }
755 
756 #if __cplusplus >= 201103L
757  /// A non-binding request to reduce capacity() to size().
758  void
759  shrink_to_fit() noexcept
760  {
761 #if __cpp_exceptions
762  if (capacity() > size())
763  {
764  try
765  { reserve(0); }
766  catch(...)
767  { }
768  }
769 #endif
770  }
771 #endif
772 
773  /**
774  * Returns the total number of characters that the %string can hold
775  * before needing to allocate more memory.
776  */
777  size_type
778  capacity() const _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
779  {
780  return _M_is_local() ? size_type(_S_local_capacity)
781  : _M_allocated_capacity;
782  }
783 
784  /**
785  * @brief Attempt to preallocate enough memory for specified number of
786  * characters.
787  * @param __res_arg Number of characters required.
788  * @throw std::length_error If @a __res_arg exceeds @c max_size().
789  *
790  * This function attempts to reserve enough memory for the
791  * %string to hold the specified number of characters. If the
792  * number requested is more than max_size(), length_error is
793  * thrown.
794  *
795  * The advantage of this function is that if optimal code is a
796  * necessity and the user can determine the string length that will be
797  * required, the user can reserve the memory in %advance, and thus
798  * prevent a possible reallocation of memory and copying of %string
799  * data.
800  */
801  void
802  reserve(size_type __res_arg = 0);
803 
804  /**
805  * Erases the string, making it empty.
806  */
807  void
808  clear() _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
809  { _M_set_length(0); }
810 
811  /**
812  * Returns true if the %string is empty. Equivalent to
813  * <code>*this == ""</code>.
814  */
815  bool
816  empty() const _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
817  { return this->size() == 0; }
818 
819  // Element access:
820  /**
821  * @brief Subscript access to the data contained in the %string.
822  * @param __pos The index of the character to access.
823  * @return Read-only (constant) reference to the character.
824  *
825  * This operator allows for easy, array-style, data access.
826  * Note that data access with this operator is unchecked and
827  * out_of_range lookups are not defined. (For checked lookups
828  * see at().)
829  */
830  const_reference
831  operator[] (size_type __pos) const _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
832  {
833  _GLIBCXX_DEBUG_ASSERT(__pos <= size());
834  return _M_data()[__pos];
835  }
836 
837  /**
838  * @brief Subscript access to the data contained in the %string.
839  * @param __pos The index of the character to access.
840  * @return Read/write reference to the character.
841  *
842  * This operator allows for easy, array-style, data access.
843  * Note that data access with this operator is unchecked and
844  * out_of_range lookups are not defined. (For checked lookups
845  * see at().)
846  */
847  reference
848  operator[](size_type __pos)
849  {
850  // Allow pos == size() both in C++98 mode, as v3 extension,
851  // and in C++11 mode.
852  _GLIBCXX_DEBUG_ASSERT(__pos <= size());
853  // In pedantic mode be strict in C++98 mode.
854  _GLIBCXX_DEBUG_PEDASSERT(__cplusplus >= 201103L || __pos < size());
855  return _M_data()[__pos];
856  }
857 
858  /**
859  * @brief Provides access to the data contained in the %string.
860  * @param __n The index of the character to access.
861  * @return Read-only (const) reference to the character.
862  * @throw std::out_of_range If @a n is an invalid index.
863  *
864  * This function provides for safer data access. The parameter is
865  * first checked that it is in the range of the string. The function
866  * throws out_of_range if the check fails.
867  */
868  const_reference
869  at(size_type __n) const
870  {
871  if (__n >= this->size())
872  __throw_out_of_range_fmt(__N("basic_string::at: __n "
873  "(which is %zu) >= this->size() "
874  "(which is %zu)"),
875  __n, this->size());
876  return _M_data()[__n];
877  }
878 
879  /**
880  * @brief Provides access to the data contained in the %string.
881  * @param __n The index of the character to access.
882  * @return Read/write reference to the character.
883  * @throw std::out_of_range If @a n is an invalid index.
884  *
885  * This function provides for safer data access. The parameter is
886  * first checked that it is in the range of the string. The function
887  * throws out_of_range if the check fails.
888  */
889  reference
890  at(size_type __n)
891  {
892  if (__n >= size())
893  __throw_out_of_range_fmt(__N("basic_string::at: __n "
894  "(which is %zu) >= this->size() "
895  "(which is %zu)"),
896  __n, this->size());
897  return _M_data()[__n];
898  }
899 
900 #if __cplusplus >= 201103L
901  /**
902  * Returns a read/write reference to the data at the first
903  * element of the %string.
904  */
905  reference
906  front() noexcept
907  { return operator[](0); }
908 
909  /**
910  * Returns a read-only (constant) reference to the data at the first
911  * element of the %string.
912  */
913  const_reference
914  front() const noexcept
915  { return operator[](0); }
916 
917  /**
918  * Returns a read/write reference to the data at the last
919  * element of the %string.
920  */
921  reference
922  back() noexcept
923  { return operator[](this->size() - 1); }
924 
925  /**
926  * Returns a read-only (constant) reference to the data at the
927  * last element of the %string.
928  */
929  const_reference
930  back() const noexcept
931  { return operator[](this->size() - 1); }
932 #endif
933 
934  // Modifiers:
935  /**
936  * @brief Append a string to this string.
937  * @param __str The string to append.
938  * @return Reference to this string.
939  */
940  basic_string&
941  operator+=(const basic_string& __str)
942  { return this->append(__str); }
943 
944  /**
945  * @brief Append a C string.
946  * @param __s The C string to append.
947  * @return Reference to this string.
948  */
949  basic_string&
950  operator+=(const _CharT* __s)
951  { return this->append(__s); }
952 
953  /**
954  * @brief Append a character.
955  * @param __c The character to append.
956  * @return Reference to this string.
957  */
958  basic_string&
959  operator+=(_CharT __c)
960  {
961  this->push_back(__c);
962  return *this;
963  }
964 
965 #if __cplusplus >= 201103L
966  /**
967  * @brief Append an initializer_list of characters.
968  * @param __l The initializer_list of characters to be appended.
969  * @return Reference to this string.
970  */
971  basic_string&
972  operator+=(initializer_list<_CharT> __l)
973  { return this->append(__l.begin(), __l.size()); }
974 #endif // C++11
975 
976  /**
977  * @brief Append a string to this string.
978  * @param __str The string to append.
979  * @return Reference to this string.
980  */
981  basic_string&
982  append(const basic_string& __str)
983  { return _M_append(__str._M_data(), __str.size()); }
984 
985  /**
986  * @brief Append a substring.
987  * @param __str The string to append.
988  * @param __pos Index of the first character of str to append.
989  * @param __n The number of characters to append.
990  * @return Reference to this string.
991  * @throw std::out_of_range if @a __pos is not a valid index.
992  *
993  * This function appends @a __n characters from @a __str
994  * starting at @a __pos to this string. If @a __n is is larger
995  * than the number of available characters in @a __str, the
996  * remainder of @a __str is appended.
997  */
998  basic_string&
999  append(const basic_string& __str, size_type __pos, size_type __n)
1000  { return _M_append(__str._M_data()
1001  + __str._M_check(__pos, "basic_string::append"),
1002  __str._M_limit(__pos, __n)); }
1003 
1004  /**
1005  * @brief Append a C substring.
1006  * @param __s The C string to append.
1007  * @param __n The number of characters to append.
1008  * @return Reference to this string.
1009  */
1010  basic_string&
1011  append(const _CharT* __s, size_type __n)
1012  {
1013  __glibcxx_requires_string_len(__s, __n);
1014  _M_check_length(size_type(0), __n, "basic_string::append");
1015  return _M_append(__s, __n);
1016  }
1017 
1018  /**
1019  * @brief Append a C string.
1020  * @param __s The C string to append.
1021  * @return Reference to this string.
1022  */
1023  basic_string&
1024  append(const _CharT* __s)
1025  {
1026  __glibcxx_requires_string(__s);
1027  const size_type __n = traits_type::length(__s);
1028  _M_check_length(size_type(0), __n, "basic_string::append");
1029  return _M_append(__s, __n);
1030  }
1031 
1032  /**
1033  * @brief Append multiple characters.
1034  * @param __n The number of characters to append.
1035  * @param __c The character to use.
1036  * @return Reference to this string.
1037  *
1038  * Appends __n copies of __c to this string.
1039  */
1040  basic_string&
1041  append(size_type __n, _CharT __c)
1042  { return _M_replace_aux(this->size(), size_type(0), __n, __c); }
1043 
1044 #if __cplusplus >= 201103L
1045  /**
1046  * @brief Append an initializer_list of characters.
1047  * @param __l The initializer_list of characters to append.
1048  * @return Reference to this string.
1049  */
1050  basic_string&
1051  append(initializer_list<_CharT> __l)
1052  { return this->append(__l.begin(), __l.size()); }
1053 #endif // C++11
1054 
1055  /**
1056  * @brief Append a range of characters.
1057  * @param __first Iterator referencing the first character to append.
1058  * @param __last Iterator marking the end of the range.
1059  * @return Reference to this string.
1060  *
1061  * Appends characters in the range [__first,__last) to this string.
1062  */
1063 #if __cplusplus >= 201103L
1064  template<class _InputIterator,
1065  typename = std::_RequireInputIter<_InputIterator>>
1066 #else
1067  template<class _InputIterator>
1068 #endif
1069  basic_string&
1070  append(_InputIterator __first, _InputIterator __last)
1071  { return this->replace(end(), end(), __first, __last); }
1072 
1073  /**
1074  * @brief Append a single character.
1075  * @param __c Character to append.
1076  */
1077  void
1078  push_back(_CharT __c)
1079  {
1080  const size_type __size = this->size();
1081  if (__size + 1 > this->capacity())
1082  this->_M_mutate(__size, size_type(0), 0, size_type(1));
1083  traits_type::assign(this->_M_data()[__size], __c);
1084  this->_M_set_length(__size + 1);
1085  }
1086 
1087  /**
1088  * @brief Set value to contents of another string.
1089  * @param __str Source string to use.
1090  * @return Reference to this string.
1091  */
1092  basic_string&
1093  assign(const basic_string& __str)
1094  {
1095  this->_M_assign(__str);
1096  return *this;
1097  }
1098 
1099 #if __cplusplus >= 201103L
1100  /**
1101  * @brief Set value to contents of another string.
1102  * @param __str Source string to use.
1103  * @return Reference to this string.
1104  *
1105  * This function sets this string to the exact contents of @a __str.
1106  * @a __str is a valid, but unspecified string.
1107  */
1108  basic_string&
1109  assign(basic_string&& __str)
1110  {
1111  // _GLIBCXX_RESOLVE_LIB_DEFECTS
1112  // 2063. Contradictory requirements for string move assignment
1113  return *this = std::move(__str);
1114  }
1115 #endif // C++11
1116 
1117  /**
1118  * @brief Set value to a substring of a string.
1119  * @param __str The string to use.
1120  * @param __pos Index of the first character of str.
1121  * @param __n Number of characters to use.
1122  * @return Reference to this string.
1123  * @throw std::out_of_range if @a pos is not a valid index.
1124  *
1125  * This function sets this string to the substring of @a __str
1126  * consisting of @a __n characters at @a __pos. If @a __n is
1127  * is larger than the number of available characters in @a
1128  * __str, the remainder of @a __str is used.
1129  */
1130  basic_string&
1131  assign(const basic_string& __str, size_type __pos, size_type __n)
1132  { return _M_replace(size_type(0), this->size(), __str._M_data()
1133  + __str._M_check(__pos, "basic_string::assign"),
1134  __str._M_limit(__pos, __n)); }
1135 
1136  /**
1137  * @brief Set value to a C substring.
1138  * @param __s The C string to use.
1139  * @param __n Number of characters to use.
1140  * @return Reference to this string.
1141  *
1142  * This function sets the value of this string to the first @a __n
1143  * characters of @a __s. If @a __n is is larger than the number of
1144  * available characters in @a __s, the remainder of @a __s is used.
1145  */
1146  basic_string&
1147  assign(const _CharT* __s, size_type __n)
1148  {
1149  __glibcxx_requires_string_len(__s, __n);
1150  return _M_replace(size_type(0), this->size(), __s, __n);
1151  }
1152 
1153  /**
1154  * @brief Set value to contents of a C string.
1155  * @param __s The C string to use.
1156  * @return Reference to this string.
1157  *
1158  * This function sets the value of this string to the value of @a __s.
1159  * The data is copied, so there is no dependence on @a __s once the
1160  * function returns.
1161  */
1162  basic_string&
1163  assign(const _CharT* __s)
1164  {
1165  __glibcxx_requires_string(__s);
1166  return _M_replace(size_type(0), this->size(), __s,
1167  traits_type::length(__s));
1168  }
1169 
1170  /**
1171  * @brief Set value to multiple characters.
1172  * @param __n Length of the resulting string.
1173  * @param __c The character to use.
1174  * @return Reference to this string.
1175  *
1176  * This function sets the value of this string to @a __n copies of
1177  * character @a __c.
1178  */
1179  basic_string&
1180  assign(size_type __n, _CharT __c)
1181  { return _M_replace_aux(size_type(0), this->size(), __n, __c); }
1182 
1183  /**
1184  * @brief Set value to a range of characters.
1185  * @param __first Iterator referencing the first character to append.
1186  * @param __last Iterator marking the end of the range.
1187  * @return Reference to this string.
1188  *
1189  * Sets value of string to characters in the range [__first,__last).
1190  */
1191 #if __cplusplus >= 201103L
1192  template<class _InputIterator,
1193  typename = std::_RequireInputIter<_InputIterator>>
1194 #else
1195  template<class _InputIterator>
1196 #endif
1197  basic_string&
1198  assign(_InputIterator __first, _InputIterator __last)
1199  { return this->replace(begin(), end(), __first, __last); }
1200 
1201 #if __cplusplus >= 201103L
1202  /**
1203  * @brief Set value to an initializer_list of characters.
1204  * @param __l The initializer_list of characters to assign.
1205  * @return Reference to this string.
1206  */
1207  basic_string&
1208  assign(initializer_list<_CharT> __l)
1209  { return this->assign(__l.begin(), __l.size()); }
1210 #endif // C++11
1211 
1212 #if __cplusplus >= 201103L
1213  /**
1214  * @brief Insert multiple characters.
1215  * @param __p Const_iterator referencing location in string to
1216  * insert at.
1217  * @param __n Number of characters to insert
1218  * @param __c The character to insert.
1219  * @return Iterator referencing the first inserted char.
1220  * @throw std::length_error If new length exceeds @c max_size().
1221  *
1222  * Inserts @a __n copies of character @a __c starting at the
1223  * position referenced by iterator @a __p. If adding
1224  * characters causes the length to exceed max_size(),
1225  * length_error is thrown. The value of the string doesn't
1226  * change if an error is thrown.
1227  */
1228  iterator
1229  insert(const_iterator __p, size_type __n, _CharT __c)
1230  {
1231  _GLIBCXX_DEBUG_PEDASSERT(__p >= begin() && __p <= end());
1232  const size_type __pos = __p - begin();
1233  this->replace(__p, __p, __n, __c);
1234  return iterator(this->_M_data() + __pos);
1235  }
1236 #else
1237  /**
1238  * @brief Insert multiple characters.
1239  * @param __p Iterator referencing location in string to insert at.
1240  * @param __n Number of characters to insert
1241  * @param __c The character to insert.
1242  * @throw std::length_error If new length exceeds @c max_size().
1243  *
1244  * Inserts @a __n copies of character @a __c starting at the
1245  * position referenced by iterator @a __p. If adding
1246  * characters causes the length to exceed max_size(),
1247  * length_error is thrown. The value of the string doesn't
1248  * change if an error is thrown.
1249  */
1250  void
1251  insert(iterator __p, size_type __n, _CharT __c)
1252  { this->replace(__p, __p, __n, __c); }
1253 #endif
1254 
1255 #if __cplusplus >= 201103L
1256  /**
1257  * @brief Insert a range of characters.
1258  * @param __p Const_iterator referencing location in string to
1259  * insert at.
1260  * @param __beg Start of range.
1261  * @param __end End of range.
1262  * @return Iterator referencing the first inserted char.
1263  * @throw std::length_error If new length exceeds @c max_size().
1264  *
1265  * Inserts characters in range [beg,end). If adding characters
1266  * causes the length to exceed max_size(), length_error is
1267  * thrown. The value of the string doesn't change if an error
1268  * is thrown.
1269  */
1270  template<class _InputIterator,
1271  typename = std::_RequireInputIter<_InputIterator>>
1272  iterator
1273  insert(const_iterator __p, _InputIterator __beg, _InputIterator __end)
1274  {
1275  _GLIBCXX_DEBUG_PEDASSERT(__p >= begin() && __p <= end());
1276  const size_type __pos = __p - begin();
1277  this->replace(__p, __p, __beg, __end);
1278  return iterator(this->_M_data() + __pos);
1279  }
1280 #else
1281  /**
1282  * @brief Insert a range of characters.
1283  * @param __p Iterator referencing location in string to insert at.
1284  * @param __beg Start of range.
1285  * @param __end End of range.
1286  * @throw std::length_error If new length exceeds @c max_size().
1287  *
1288  * Inserts characters in range [__beg,__end). If adding
1289  * characters causes the length to exceed max_size(),
1290  * length_error is thrown. The value of the string doesn't
1291  * change if an error is thrown.
1292  */
1293  template<class _InputIterator>
1294  void
1295  insert(iterator __p, _InputIterator __beg, _InputIterator __end)
1296  { this->replace(__p, __p, __beg, __end); }
1297 #endif
1298 
1299 #if __cplusplus >= 201103L
1300  /**
1301  * @brief Insert an initializer_list of characters.
1302  * @param __p Iterator referencing location in string to insert at.
1303  * @param __l The initializer_list of characters to insert.
1304  * @throw std::length_error If new length exceeds @c max_size().
1305  */
1306  void
1307  insert(iterator __p, initializer_list<_CharT> __l)
1308  {
1309  _GLIBCXX_DEBUG_PEDASSERT(__p >= begin() && __p <= end());
1310  this->insert(__p - begin(), __l.begin(), __l.size());
1311  }
1312 #endif // C++11
1313 
1314  /**
1315  * @brief Insert value of a string.
1316  * @param __pos1 Iterator referencing location in string to insert at.
1317  * @param __str The string to insert.
1318  * @return Reference to this string.
1319  * @throw std::length_error If new length exceeds @c max_size().
1320  *
1321  * Inserts value of @a __str starting at @a __pos1. If adding
1322  * characters causes the length to exceed max_size(),
1323  * length_error is thrown. The value of the string doesn't
1324  * change if an error is thrown.
1325  */
1326  basic_string&
1327  insert(size_type __pos1, const basic_string& __str)
1328  { return this->replace(__pos1, size_type(0),
1329  __str._M_data(), __str.size()); }
1330 
1331  /**
1332  * @brief Insert a substring.
1333  * @param __pos1 Iterator referencing location in string to insert at.
1334  * @param __str The string to insert.
1335  * @param __pos2 Start of characters in str to insert.
1336  * @param __n Number of characters to insert.
1337  * @return Reference to this string.
1338  * @throw std::length_error If new length exceeds @c max_size().
1339  * @throw std::out_of_range If @a pos1 > size() or
1340  * @a __pos2 > @a str.size().
1341  *
1342  * Starting at @a pos1, insert @a __n character of @a __str
1343  * beginning with @a __pos2. If adding characters causes the
1344  * length to exceed max_size(), length_error is thrown. If @a
1345  * __pos1 is beyond the end of this string or @a __pos2 is
1346  * beyond the end of @a __str, out_of_range is thrown. The
1347  * value of the string doesn't change if an error is thrown.
1348  */
1349  basic_string&
1350  insert(size_type __pos1, const basic_string& __str,
1351  size_type __pos2, size_type __n)
1352  { return this->replace(__pos1, size_type(0), __str._M_data()
1353  + __str._M_check(__pos2, "basic_string::insert"),
1354  __str._M_limit(__pos2, __n)); }
1355 
1356  /**
1357  * @brief Insert a C substring.
1358  * @param __pos Iterator referencing location in string to insert at.
1359  * @param __s The C string to insert.
1360  * @param __n The number of characters to insert.
1361  * @return Reference to this string.
1362  * @throw std::length_error If new length exceeds @c max_size().
1363  * @throw std::out_of_range If @a __pos is beyond the end of this
1364  * string.
1365  *
1366  * Inserts the first @a __n characters of @a __s starting at @a
1367  * __pos. If adding characters causes the length to exceed
1368  * max_size(), length_error is thrown. If @a __pos is beyond
1369  * end(), out_of_range is thrown. The value of the string
1370  * doesn't change if an error is thrown.
1371  */
1372  basic_string&
1373  insert(size_type __pos, const _CharT* __s, size_type __n)
1374  { return this->replace(__pos, size_type(0), __s, __n); }
1375 
1376  /**
1377  * @brief Insert a C string.
1378  * @param __pos Iterator referencing location in string to insert at.
1379  * @param __s The C string to insert.
1380  * @return Reference to this string.
1381  * @throw std::length_error If new length exceeds @c max_size().
1382  * @throw std::out_of_range If @a pos is beyond the end of this
1383  * string.
1384  *
1385  * Inserts the first @a n characters of @a __s starting at @a __pos. If
1386  * adding characters causes the length to exceed max_size(),
1387  * length_error is thrown. If @a __pos is beyond end(), out_of_range is
1388  * thrown. The value of the string doesn't change if an error is
1389  * thrown.
1390  */
1391  basic_string&
1392  insert(size_type __pos, const _CharT* __s)
1393  {
1394  __glibcxx_requires_string(__s);
1395  return this->replace(__pos, size_type(0), __s,
1396  traits_type::length(__s));
1397  }
1398 
1399  /**
1400  * @brief Insert multiple characters.
1401  * @param __pos Index in string to insert at.
1402  * @param __n Number of characters to insert
1403  * @param __c The character to insert.
1404  * @return Reference to this string.
1405  * @throw std::length_error If new length exceeds @c max_size().
1406  * @throw std::out_of_range If @a __pos is beyond the end of this
1407  * string.
1408  *
1409  * Inserts @a __n copies of character @a __c starting at index
1410  * @a __pos. If adding characters causes the length to exceed
1411  * max_size(), length_error is thrown. If @a __pos > length(),
1412  * out_of_range is thrown. The value of the string doesn't
1413  * change if an error is thrown.
1414  */
1415  basic_string&
1416  insert(size_type __pos, size_type __n, _CharT __c)
1417  { return _M_replace_aux(_M_check(__pos, "basic_string::insert"),
1418  size_type(0), __n, __c); }
1419 
1420  /**
1421  * @brief Insert one character.
1422  * @param __p Iterator referencing position in string to insert at.
1423  * @param __c The character to insert.
1424  * @return Iterator referencing newly inserted char.
1425  * @throw std::length_error If new length exceeds @c max_size().
1426  *
1427  * Inserts character @a __c at position referenced by @a __p.
1428  * If adding character causes the length to exceed max_size(),
1429  * length_error is thrown. If @a __p is beyond end of string,
1430  * out_of_range is thrown. The value of the string doesn't
1431  * change if an error is thrown.
1432  */
1433  iterator
1434  insert(__const_iterator __p, _CharT __c)
1435  {
1436  _GLIBCXX_DEBUG_PEDASSERT(__p >= begin() && __p <= end());
1437  const size_type __pos = __p - begin();
1438  _M_replace_aux(__pos, size_type(0), size_type(1), __c);
1439  return iterator(_M_data() + __pos);
1440  }
1441 
1442  /**
1443  * @brief Remove characters.
1444  * @param __pos Index of first character to remove (default 0).
1445  * @param __n Number of characters to remove (default remainder).
1446  * @return Reference to this string.
1447  * @throw std::out_of_range If @a pos is beyond the end of this
1448  * string.
1449  *
1450  * Removes @a __n characters from this string starting at @a
1451  * __pos. The length of the string is reduced by @a __n. If
1452  * there are < @a __n characters to remove, the remainder of
1453  * the string is truncated. If @a __p is beyond end of string,
1454  * out_of_range is thrown. The value of the string doesn't
1455  * change if an error is thrown.
1456  */
1457  basic_string&
1458  erase(size_type __pos = 0, size_type __n = npos)
1459  {
1460  this->_M_erase(_M_check(__pos, "basic_string::erase"),
1461  _M_limit(__pos, __n));
1462  return *this;
1463  }
1464 
1465  /**
1466  * @brief Remove one character.
1467  * @param __position Iterator referencing the character to remove.
1468  * @return iterator referencing same location after removal.
1469  *
1470  * Removes the character at @a __position from this string. The value
1471  * of the string doesn't change if an error is thrown.
1472  */
1473  iterator
1474  erase(__const_iterator __position)
1475  {
1476  _GLIBCXX_DEBUG_PEDASSERT(__position >= begin()
1477  && __position < end());
1478  const size_type __pos = __position - begin();
1479  this->_M_erase(__pos, size_type(1));
1480  return iterator(_M_data() + __pos);
1481  }
1482 
1483  /**
1484  * @brief Remove a range of characters.
1485  * @param __first Iterator referencing the first character to remove.
1486  * @param __last Iterator referencing the end of the range.
1487  * @return Iterator referencing location of first after removal.
1488  *
1489  * Removes the characters in the range [first,last) from this string.
1490  * The value of the string doesn't change if an error is thrown.
1491  */
1492  iterator
1493  erase(__const_iterator __first, __const_iterator __last)
1494  {
1495  _GLIBCXX_DEBUG_PEDASSERT(__first >= begin() && __first <= __last
1496  && __last <= end());
1497  const size_type __pos = __first - begin();
1498  this->_M_erase(__pos, __last - __first);
1499  return iterator(this->_M_data() + __pos);
1500  }
1501 
1502 #if __cplusplus >= 201103L
1503  /**
1504  * @brief Remove the last character.
1505  *
1506  * The string must be non-empty.
1507  */
1508  void
1509  pop_back() noexcept
1510  { _M_erase(size()-1, 1); }
1511 #endif // C++11
1512 
1513  /**
1514  * @brief Replace characters with value from another string.
1515  * @param __pos Index of first character to replace.
1516  * @param __n Number of characters to be replaced.
1517  * @param __str String to insert.
1518  * @return Reference to this string.
1519  * @throw std::out_of_range If @a pos is beyond the end of this
1520  * string.
1521  * @throw std::length_error If new length exceeds @c max_size().
1522  *
1523  * Removes the characters in the range [__pos,__pos+__n) from
1524  * this string. In place, the value of @a __str is inserted.
1525  * If @a __pos is beyond end of string, out_of_range is thrown.
1526  * If the length of the result exceeds max_size(), length_error
1527  * is thrown. The value of the string doesn't change if an
1528  * error is thrown.
1529  */
1530  basic_string&
1531  replace(size_type __pos, size_type __n, const basic_string& __str)
1532  { return this->replace(__pos, __n, __str._M_data(), __str.size()); }
1533 
1534  /**
1535  * @brief Replace characters with value from another string.
1536  * @param __pos1 Index of first character to replace.
1537  * @param __n1 Number of characters to be replaced.
1538  * @param __str String to insert.
1539  * @param __pos2 Index of first character of str to use.
1540  * @param __n2 Number of characters from str to use.
1541  * @return Reference to this string.
1542  * @throw std::out_of_range If @a __pos1 > size() or @a __pos2 >
1543  * __str.size().
1544  * @throw std::length_error If new length exceeds @c max_size().
1545  *
1546  * Removes the characters in the range [__pos1,__pos1 + n) from this
1547  * string. In place, the value of @a __str is inserted. If @a __pos is
1548  * beyond end of string, out_of_range is thrown. If the length of the
1549  * result exceeds max_size(), length_error is thrown. The value of the
1550  * string doesn't change if an error is thrown.
1551  */
1552  basic_string&
1553  replace(size_type __pos1, size_type __n1, const basic_string& __str,
1554  size_type __pos2, size_type __n2)
1555  { return this->replace(__pos1, __n1, __str._M_data()
1556  + __str._M_check(__pos2, "basic_string::replace"),
1557  __str._M_limit(__pos2, __n2)); }
1558 
1559  /**
1560  * @brief Replace characters with value of a C substring.
1561  * @param __pos Index of first character to replace.
1562  * @param __n1 Number of characters to be replaced.
1563  * @param __s C string to insert.
1564  * @param __n2 Number of characters from @a s to use.
1565  * @return Reference to this string.
1566  * @throw std::out_of_range If @a pos1 > size().
1567  * @throw std::length_error If new length exceeds @c max_size().
1568  *
1569  * Removes the characters in the range [__pos,__pos + __n1)
1570  * from this string. In place, the first @a __n2 characters of
1571  * @a __s are inserted, or all of @a __s if @a __n2 is too large. If
1572  * @a __pos is beyond end of string, out_of_range is thrown. If
1573  * the length of result exceeds max_size(), length_error is
1574  * thrown. The value of the string doesn't change if an error
1575  * is thrown.
1576  */
1577  basic_string&
1578  replace(size_type __pos, size_type __n1, const _CharT* __s,
1579  size_type __n2)
1580  {
1581  __glibcxx_requires_string_len(__s, __n2);
1582  return _M_replace(_M_check(__pos, "basic_string::replace"),
1583  _M_limit(__pos, __n1), __s, __n2);
1584  }
1585 
1586  /**
1587  * @brief Replace characters with value of a C string.
1588  * @param __pos Index of first character to replace.
1589  * @param __n1 Number of characters to be replaced.
1590  * @param __s C string to insert.
1591  * @return Reference to this string.
1592  * @throw std::out_of_range If @a pos > size().
1593  * @throw std::length_error If new length exceeds @c max_size().
1594  *
1595  * Removes the characters in the range [__pos,__pos + __n1)
1596  * from this string. In place, the characters of @a __s are
1597  * inserted. If @a __pos is beyond end of string, out_of_range
1598  * is thrown. If the length of result exceeds max_size(),
1599  * length_error is thrown. The value of the string doesn't
1600  * change if an error is thrown.
1601  */
1602  basic_string&
1603  replace(size_type __pos, size_type __n1, const _CharT* __s)
1604  {
1605  __glibcxx_requires_string(__s);
1606  return this->replace(__pos, __n1, __s, traits_type::length(__s));
1607  }
1608 
1609  /**
1610  * @brief Replace characters with multiple characters.
1611  * @param __pos Index of first character to replace.
1612  * @param __n1 Number of characters to be replaced.
1613  * @param __n2 Number of characters to insert.
1614  * @param __c Character to insert.
1615  * @return Reference to this string.
1616  * @throw std::out_of_range If @a __pos > size().
1617  * @throw std::length_error If new length exceeds @c max_size().
1618  *
1619  * Removes the characters in the range [pos,pos + n1) from this
1620  * string. In place, @a __n2 copies of @a __c are inserted.
1621  * If @a __pos is beyond end of string, out_of_range is thrown.
1622  * If the length of result exceeds max_size(), length_error is
1623  * thrown. The value of the string doesn't change if an error
1624  * is thrown.
1625  */
1626  basic_string&
1627  replace(size_type __pos, size_type __n1, size_type __n2, _CharT __c)
1628  { return _M_replace_aux(_M_check(__pos, "basic_string::replace"),
1629  _M_limit(__pos, __n1), __n2, __c); }
1630 
1631  /**
1632  * @brief Replace range of characters with string.
1633  * @param __i1 Iterator referencing start of range to replace.
1634  * @param __i2 Iterator referencing end of range to replace.
1635  * @param __str String value to insert.
1636  * @return Reference to this string.
1637  * @throw std::length_error If new length exceeds @c max_size().
1638  *
1639  * Removes the characters in the range [__i1,__i2). In place,
1640  * the value of @a __str is inserted. If the length of result
1641  * exceeds max_size(), length_error is thrown. The value of
1642  * the string doesn't change if an error is thrown.
1643  */
1644  basic_string&
1645  replace(__const_iterator __i1, __const_iterator __i2,
1646  const basic_string& __str)
1647  { return this->replace(__i1, __i2, __str._M_data(), __str.size()); }
1648 
1649  /**
1650  * @brief Replace range of characters with C substring.
1651  * @param __i1 Iterator referencing start of range to replace.
1652  * @param __i2 Iterator referencing end of range to replace.
1653  * @param __s C string value to insert.
1654  * @param __n Number of characters from s to insert.
1655  * @return Reference to this string.
1656  * @throw std::length_error If new length exceeds @c max_size().
1657  *
1658  * Removes the characters in the range [__i1,__i2). In place,
1659  * the first @a __n characters of @a __s are inserted. If the
1660  * length of result exceeds max_size(), length_error is thrown.
1661  * The value of the string doesn't change if an error is
1662  * thrown.
1663  */
1664  basic_string&
1665  replace(__const_iterator __i1, __const_iterator __i2,
1666  const _CharT* __s, size_type __n)
1667  {
1668  _GLIBCXX_DEBUG_PEDASSERT(begin() <= __i1 && __i1 <= __i2
1669  && __i2 <= end());
1670  return this->replace(__i1 - begin(), __i2 - __i1, __s, __n);
1671  }
1672 
1673  /**
1674  * @brief Replace range of characters with C string.
1675  * @param __i1 Iterator referencing start of range to replace.
1676  * @param __i2 Iterator referencing end of range to replace.
1677  * @param __s C string value to insert.
1678  * @return Reference to this string.
1679  * @throw std::length_error If new length exceeds @c max_size().
1680  *
1681  * Removes the characters in the range [__i1,__i2). In place,
1682  * the characters of @a __s are inserted. If the length of
1683  * result exceeds max_size(), length_error is thrown. The
1684  * value of the string doesn't change if an error is thrown.
1685  */
1686  basic_string&
1687  replace(__const_iterator __i1, __const_iterator __i2, const _CharT* __s)
1688  {
1689  __glibcxx_requires_string(__s);
1690  return this->replace(__i1, __i2, __s, traits_type::length(__s));
1691  }
1692 
1693  /**
1694  * @brief Replace range of characters with multiple characters
1695  * @param __i1 Iterator referencing start of range to replace.
1696  * @param __i2 Iterator referencing end of range to replace.
1697  * @param __n Number of characters to insert.
1698  * @param __c Character to insert.
1699  * @return Reference to this string.
1700  * @throw std::length_error If new length exceeds @c max_size().
1701  *
1702  * Removes the characters in the range [__i1,__i2). In place,
1703  * @a __n copies of @a __c are inserted. If the length of
1704  * result exceeds max_size(), length_error is thrown. The
1705  * value of the string doesn't change if an error is thrown.
1706  */
1707  basic_string&
1708  replace(__const_iterator __i1, __const_iterator __i2, size_type __n,
1709  _CharT __c)
1710  {
1711  _GLIBCXX_DEBUG_PEDASSERT(begin() <= __i1 && __i1 <= __i2
1712  && __i2 <= end());
1713  return _M_replace_aux(__i1 - begin(), __i2 - __i1, __n, __c);
1714  }
1715 
1716  /**
1717  * @brief Replace range of characters with range.
1718  * @param __i1 Iterator referencing start of range to replace.
1719  * @param __i2 Iterator referencing end of range to replace.
1720  * @param __k1 Iterator referencing start of range to insert.
1721  * @param __k2 Iterator referencing end of range to insert.
1722  * @return Reference to this string.
1723  * @throw std::length_error If new length exceeds @c max_size().
1724  *
1725  * Removes the characters in the range [__i1,__i2). In place,
1726  * characters in the range [__k1,__k2) are inserted. If the
1727  * length of result exceeds max_size(), length_error is thrown.
1728  * The value of the string doesn't change if an error is
1729  * thrown.
1730  */
1731 #if __cplusplus >= 201103L
1732  template<class _InputIterator,
1733  typename = std::_RequireInputIter<_InputIterator>>
1734  basic_string&
1735  replace(const_iterator __i1, const_iterator __i2,
1736  _InputIterator __k1, _InputIterator __k2)
1737  {
1738  _GLIBCXX_DEBUG_PEDASSERT(begin() <= __i1 && __i1 <= __i2
1739  && __i2 <= end());
1740  __glibcxx_requires_valid_range(__k1, __k2);
1741  return this->_M_replace_dispatch(__i1, __i2, __k1, __k2,
1742  std::__false_type());
1743  }
1744 #else
1745  template<class _InputIterator>
1746 #ifdef _GLIBCXX_DISAMBIGUATE_REPLACE_INST
1747  typename __enable_if_not_native_iterator<_InputIterator>::__type
1748 #else
1749  basic_string&
1750 #endif
1751  replace(iterator __i1, iterator __i2,
1752  _InputIterator __k1, _InputIterator __k2)
1753  {
1754  _GLIBCXX_DEBUG_PEDASSERT(begin() <= __i1 && __i1 <= __i2
1755  && __i2 <= end());
1756  __glibcxx_requires_valid_range(__k1, __k2);
1757  typedef typename std::__is_integer<_InputIterator>::__type _Integral;
1758  return _M_replace_dispatch(__i1, __i2, __k1, __k2, _Integral());
1759  }
1760 #endif
1761 
1762  // Specializations for the common case of pointer and iterator:
1763  // useful to avoid the overhead of temporary buffering in _M_replace.
1764  basic_string&
1765  replace(__const_iterator __i1, __const_iterator __i2,
1766  _CharT* __k1, _CharT* __k2)
1767  {
1768  _GLIBCXX_DEBUG_PEDASSERT(begin() <= __i1 && __i1 <= __i2
1769  && __i2 <= end());
1770  __glibcxx_requires_valid_range(__k1, __k2);
1771  return this->replace(__i1 - begin(), __i2 - __i1,
1772  __k1, __k2 - __k1);
1773  }
1774 
1775  basic_string&
1776  replace(__const_iterator __i1, __const_iterator __i2,
1777  const _CharT* __k1, const _CharT* __k2)
1778  {
1779  _GLIBCXX_DEBUG_PEDASSERT(begin() <= __i1 && __i1 <= __i2
1780  && __i2 <= end());
1781  __glibcxx_requires_valid_range(__k1, __k2);
1782  return this->replace(__i1 - begin(), __i2 - __i1,
1783  __k1, __k2 - __k1);
1784  }
1785 
1786  basic_string&
1787  replace(__const_iterator __i1, __const_iterator __i2,
1788  iterator __k1, iterator __k2)
1789  {
1790  _GLIBCXX_DEBUG_PEDASSERT(begin() <= __i1 && __i1 <= __i2
1791  && __i2 <= end());
1792  __glibcxx_requires_valid_range(__k1, __k2);
1793  return this->replace(__i1 - begin(), __i2 - __i1,
1794  __k1.base(), __k2 - __k1);
1795  }
1796 
1797  basic_string&
1798  replace(__const_iterator __i1, __const_iterator __i2,
1799  const_iterator __k1, const_iterator __k2)
1800  {
1801  _GLIBCXX_DEBUG_PEDASSERT(begin() <= __i1 && __i1 <= __i2
1802  && __i2 <= end());
1803  __glibcxx_requires_valid_range(__k1, __k2);
1804  return this->replace(__i1 - begin(), __i2 - __i1,
1805  __k1.base(), __k2 - __k1);
1806  }
1807 
1808 #if __cplusplus >= 201103L
1809  /**
1810  * @brief Replace range of characters with initializer_list.
1811  * @param __i1 Iterator referencing start of range to replace.
1812  * @param __i2 Iterator referencing end of range to replace.
1813  * @param __l The initializer_list of characters to insert.
1814  * @return Reference to this string.
1815  * @throw std::length_error If new length exceeds @c max_size().
1816  *
1817  * Removes the characters in the range [__i1,__i2). In place,
1818  * characters in the range [__k1,__k2) are inserted. If the
1819  * length of result exceeds max_size(), length_error is thrown.
1820  * The value of the string doesn't change if an error is
1821  * thrown.
1822  */
1823  basic_string& replace(const_iterator __i1, const_iterator __i2,
1824  initializer_list<_CharT> __l)
1825  { return this->replace(__i1, __i2, __l.begin(), __l.end()); }
1826 #endif // C++11
1827 
1828  private:
1829  template<class _Integer>
1830  basic_string&
1831  _M_replace_dispatch(const_iterator __i1, const_iterator __i2,
1832  _Integer __n, _Integer __val, __true_type)
1833  { return _M_replace_aux(__i1 - begin(), __i2 - __i1, __n, __val); }
1834 
1835  template<class _InputIterator>
1836  basic_string&
1837  _M_replace_dispatch(const_iterator __i1, const_iterator __i2,
1838  _InputIterator __k1, _InputIterator __k2,
1839  __false_type);
1840 
1841  basic_string&
1842  _M_replace_aux(size_type __pos1, size_type __n1, size_type __n2,
1843  _CharT __c);
1844 
1845  basic_string&
1846  _M_replace(size_type __pos, size_type __len1, const _CharT* __s,
1847  const size_type __len2);
1848 
1849  basic_string&
1850  _M_append(const _CharT* __s, size_type __n);
1851 
1852  public:
1853 
1854  /**
1855  * @brief Copy substring into C string.
1856  * @param __s C string to copy value into.
1857  * @param __n Number of characters to copy.
1858  * @param __pos Index of first character to copy.
1859  * @return Number of characters actually copied
1860  * @throw std::out_of_range If __pos > size().
1861  *
1862  * Copies up to @a __n characters starting at @a __pos into the
1863  * C string @a __s. If @a __pos is %greater than size(),
1864  * out_of_range is thrown.
1865  */
1866  size_type
1867  copy(_CharT* __s, size_type __n, size_type __pos = 0) const;
1868 
1869  /**
1870  * @brief Swap contents with another string.
1871  * @param __s String to swap with.
1872  *
1873  * Exchanges the contents of this string with that of @a __s in constant
1874  * time.
1875  */
1876  void
1877  swap(basic_string& __s) _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT;
1878 
1879  // String operations:
1880  /**
1881  * @brief Return const pointer to null-terminated contents.
1882  *
1883  * This is a handle to internal data. Do not modify or dire things may
1884  * happen.
1885  */
1886  const _CharT*
1887  c_str() const _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
1888  { return _M_data(); }
1889 
1890  /**
1891  * @brief Return const pointer to contents.
1892  *
1893  * This is a handle to internal data. Do not modify or dire things may
1894  * happen.
1895  */
1896  const _CharT*
1897  data() const _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
1898  { return _M_data(); }
1899 
1900  /**
1901  * @brief Return copy of allocator used to construct this string.
1902  */
1903  allocator_type
1904  get_allocator() const _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
1905  { return _M_get_allocator(); }
1906 
1907  /**
1908  * @brief Find position of a C substring.
1909  * @param __s C string to locate.
1910  * @param __pos Index of character to search from.
1911  * @param __n Number of characters from @a s to search for.
1912  * @return Index of start of first occurrence.
1913  *
1914  * Starting from @a __pos, searches forward for the first @a
1915  * __n characters in @a __s within this string. If found,
1916  * returns the index where it begins. If not found, returns
1917  * npos.
1918  */
1919  size_type
1920  find(const _CharT* __s, size_type __pos, size_type __n) const;
1921 
1922  /**
1923  * @brief Find position of a string.
1924  * @param __str String to locate.
1925  * @param __pos Index of character to search from (default 0).
1926  * @return Index of start of first occurrence.
1927  *
1928  * Starting from @a __pos, searches forward for value of @a __str within
1929  * this string. If found, returns the index where it begins. If not
1930  * found, returns npos.
1931  */
1932  size_type
1933  find(const basic_string& __str, size_type __pos = 0) const
1934  _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
1935  { return this->find(__str.data(), __pos, __str.size()); }
1936 
1937  /**
1938  * @brief Find position of a C string.
1939  * @param __s C string to locate.
1940  * @param __pos Index of character to search from (default 0).
1941  * @return Index of start of first occurrence.
1942  *
1943  * Starting from @a __pos, searches forward for the value of @a
1944  * __s within this string. If found, returns the index where
1945  * it begins. If not found, returns npos.
1946  */
1947  size_type
1948  find(const _CharT* __s, size_type __pos = 0) const
1949  {
1950  __glibcxx_requires_string(__s);
1951  return this->find(__s, __pos, traits_type::length(__s));
1952  }
1953 
1954  /**
1955  * @brief Find position of a character.
1956  * @param __c Character to locate.
1957  * @param __pos Index of character to search from (default 0).
1958  * @return Index of first occurrence.
1959  *
1960  * Starting from @a __pos, searches forward for @a __c within
1961  * this string. If found, returns the index where it was
1962  * found. If not found, returns npos.
1963  */
1964  size_type
1965  find(_CharT __c, size_type __pos = 0) const _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT;
1966 
1967  /**
1968  * @brief Find last position of a string.
1969  * @param __str String to locate.
1970  * @param __pos Index of character to search back from (default end).
1971  * @return Index of start of last occurrence.
1972  *
1973  * Starting from @a __pos, searches backward for value of @a
1974  * __str within this string. If found, returns the index where
1975  * it begins. If not found, returns npos.
1976  */
1977  size_type
1978  rfind(const basic_string& __str, size_type __pos = npos) const
1979  _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
1980  { return this->rfind(__str.data(), __pos, __str.size()); }
1981 
1982  /**
1983  * @brief Find last position of a C substring.
1984  * @param __s C string to locate.
1985  * @param __pos Index of character to search back from.
1986  * @param __n Number of characters from s to search for.
1987  * @return Index of start of last occurrence.
1988  *
1989  * Starting from @a __pos, searches backward for the first @a
1990  * __n characters in @a __s within this string. If found,
1991  * returns the index where it begins. If not found, returns
1992  * npos.
1993  */
1994  size_type
1995  rfind(const _CharT* __s, size_type __pos, size_type __n) const;
1996 
1997  /**
1998  * @brief Find last position of a C string.
1999  * @param __s C string to locate.
2000  * @param __pos Index of character to start search at (default end).
2001  * @return Index of start of last occurrence.
2002  *
2003  * Starting from @a __pos, searches backward for the value of
2004  * @a __s within this string. If found, returns the index
2005  * where it begins. If not found, returns npos.
2006  */
2007  size_type
2008  rfind(const _CharT* __s, size_type __pos = npos) const
2009  {
2010  __glibcxx_requires_string(__s);
2011  return this->rfind(__s, __pos, traits_type::length(__s));
2012  }
2013 
2014  /**
2015  * @brief Find last position of a character.
2016  * @param __c Character to locate.
2017  * @param __pos Index of character to search back from (default end).
2018  * @return Index of last occurrence.
2019  *
2020  * Starting from @a __pos, searches backward for @a __c within
2021  * this string. If found, returns the index where it was
2022  * found. If not found, returns npos.
2023  */
2024  size_type
2025  rfind(_CharT __c, size_type __pos = npos) const _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT;
2026 
2027  /**
2028  * @brief Find position of a character of string.
2029  * @param __str String containing characters to locate.
2030  * @param __pos Index of character to search from (default 0).
2031  * @return Index of first occurrence.
2032  *
2033  * Starting from @a __pos, searches forward for one of the
2034  * characters of @a __str within this string. If found,
2035  * returns the index where it was found. If not found, returns
2036  * npos.
2037  */
2038  size_type
2039  find_first_of(const basic_string& __str, size_type __pos = 0) const
2040  _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
2041  { return this->find_first_of(__str.data(), __pos, __str.size()); }
2042 
2043  /**
2044  * @brief Find position of a character of C substring.
2045  * @param __s String containing characters to locate.
2046  * @param __pos Index of character to search from.
2047  * @param __n Number of characters from s to search for.
2048  * @return Index of first occurrence.
2049  *
2050  * Starting from @a __pos, searches forward for one of the
2051  * first @a __n characters of @a __s within this string. If
2052  * found, returns the index where it was found. If not found,
2053  * returns npos.
2054  */
2055  size_type
2056  find_first_of(const _CharT* __s, size_type __pos, size_type __n) const;
2057 
2058  /**
2059  * @brief Find position of a character of C string.
2060  * @param __s String containing characters to locate.
2061  * @param __pos Index of character to search from (default 0).
2062  * @return Index of first occurrence.
2063  *
2064  * Starting from @a __pos, searches forward for one of the
2065  * characters of @a __s within this string. If found, returns
2066  * the index where it was found. If not found, returns npos.
2067  */
2068  size_type
2069  find_first_of(const _CharT* __s, size_type __pos = 0) const
2070  {
2071  __glibcxx_requires_string(__s);
2072  return this->find_first_of(__s, __pos, traits_type::length(__s));
2073  }
2074 
2075  /**
2076  * @brief Find position of a character.
2077  * @param __c Character to locate.
2078  * @param __pos Index of character to search from (default 0).
2079  * @return Index of first occurrence.
2080  *
2081  * Starting from @a __pos, searches forward for the character
2082  * @a __c within this string. If found, returns the index
2083  * where it was found. If not found, returns npos.
2084  *
2085  * Note: equivalent to find(__c, __pos).
2086  */
2087  size_type
2088  find_first_of(_CharT __c, size_type __pos = 0) const _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
2089  { return this->find(__c, __pos); }
2090 
2091  /**
2092  * @brief Find last position of a character of string.
2093  * @param __str String containing characters to locate.
2094  * @param __pos Index of character to search back from (default end).
2095  * @return Index of last occurrence.
2096  *
2097  * Starting from @a __pos, searches backward for one of the
2098  * characters of @a __str within this string. If found,
2099  * returns the index where it was found. If not found, returns
2100  * npos.
2101  */
2102  size_type
2103  find_last_of(const basic_string& __str, size_type __pos = npos) const
2104  _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
2105  { return this->find_last_of(__str.data(), __pos, __str.size()); }
2106 
2107  /**
2108  * @brief Find last position of a character of C substring.
2109  * @param __s C string containing characters to locate.
2110  * @param __pos Index of character to search back from.
2111  * @param __n Number of characters from s to search for.
2112  * @return Index of last occurrence.
2113  *
2114  * Starting from @a __pos, searches backward for one of the
2115  * first @a __n characters of @a __s within this string. If
2116  * found, returns the index where it was found. If not found,
2117  * returns npos.
2118  */
2119  size_type
2120  find_last_of(const _CharT* __s, size_type __pos, size_type __n) const;
2121 
2122  /**
2123  * @brief Find last position of a character of C string.
2124  * @param __s C string containing characters to locate.
2125  * @param __pos Index of character to search back from (default end).
2126  * @return Index of last occurrence.
2127  *
2128  * Starting from @a __pos, searches backward for one of the
2129  * characters of @a __s within this string. If found, returns
2130  * the index where it was found. If not found, returns npos.
2131  */
2132  size_type
2133  find_last_of(const _CharT* __s, size_type __pos = npos) const
2134  {
2135  __glibcxx_requires_string(__s);
2136  return this->find_last_of(__s, __pos, traits_type::length(__s));
2137  }
2138 
2139  /**
2140  * @brief Find last position of a character.
2141  * @param __c Character to locate.
2142  * @param __pos Index of character to search back from (default end).
2143  * @return Index of last occurrence.
2144  *
2145  * Starting from @a __pos, searches backward for @a __c within
2146  * this string. If found, returns the index where it was
2147  * found. If not found, returns npos.
2148  *
2149  * Note: equivalent to rfind(__c, __pos).
2150  */
2151  size_type
2152  find_last_of(_CharT __c, size_type __pos = npos) const _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
2153  { return this->rfind(__c, __pos); }
2154 
2155  /**
2156  * @brief Find position of a character not in string.
2157  * @param __str String containing characters to avoid.
2158  * @param __pos Index of character to search from (default 0).
2159  * @return Index of first occurrence.
2160  *
2161  * Starting from @a __pos, searches forward for a character not contained
2162  * in @a __str within this string. If found, returns the index where it
2163  * was found. If not found, returns npos.
2164  */
2165  size_type
2166  find_first_not_of(const basic_string& __str, size_type __pos = 0) const
2167  _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
2168  { return this->find_first_not_of(__str.data(), __pos, __str.size()); }
2169 
2170  /**
2171  * @brief Find position of a character not in C substring.
2172  * @param __s C string containing characters to avoid.
2173  * @param __pos Index of character to search from.
2174  * @param __n Number of characters from __s to consider.
2175  * @return Index of first occurrence.
2176  *
2177  * Starting from @a __pos, searches forward for a character not
2178  * contained in the first @a __n characters of @a __s within
2179  * this string. If found, returns the index where it was
2180  * found. If not found, returns npos.
2181  */
2182  size_type
2183  find_first_not_of(const _CharT* __s, size_type __pos,
2184  size_type __n) const;
2185 
2186  /**
2187  * @brief Find position of a character not in C string.
2188  * @param __s C string containing characters to avoid.
2189  * @param __pos Index of character to search from (default 0).
2190  * @return Index of first occurrence.
2191  *
2192  * Starting from @a __pos, searches forward for a character not
2193  * contained in @a __s within this string. If found, returns
2194  * the index where it was found. If not found, returns npos.
2195  */
2196  size_type
2197  find_first_not_of(const _CharT* __s, size_type __pos = 0) const
2198  {
2199  __glibcxx_requires_string(__s);
2200  return this->find_first_not_of(__s, __pos, traits_type::length(__s));
2201  }
2202 
2203  /**
2204  * @brief Find position of a different character.
2205  * @param __c Character to avoid.
2206  * @param __pos Index of character to search from (default 0).
2207  * @return Index of first occurrence.
2208  *
2209  * Starting from @a __pos, searches forward for a character
2210  * other than @a __c within this string. If found, returns the
2211  * index where it was found. If not found, returns npos.
2212  */
2213  size_type
2214  find_first_not_of(_CharT __c, size_type __pos = 0) const
2215  _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT;
2216 
2217  /**
2218  * @brief Find last position of a character not in string.
2219  * @param __str String containing characters to avoid.
2220  * @param __pos Index of character to search back from (default end).
2221  * @return Index of last occurrence.
2222  *
2223  * Starting from @a __pos, searches backward for a character
2224  * not contained in @a __str within this string. If found,
2225  * returns the index where it was found. If not found, returns
2226  * npos.
2227  */
2228  size_type
2229  find_last_not_of(const basic_string& __str, size_type __pos = npos) const
2230  _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
2231  { return this->find_last_not_of(__str.data(), __pos, __str.size()); }
2232 
2233  /**
2234  * @brief Find last position of a character not in C substring.
2235  * @param __s C string containing characters to avoid.
2236  * @param __pos Index of character to search back from.
2237  * @param __n Number of characters from s to consider.
2238  * @return Index of last occurrence.
2239  *
2240  * Starting from @a __pos, searches backward for a character not
2241  * contained in the first @a __n characters of @a __s within this string.
2242  * If found, returns the index where it was found. If not found,
2243  * returns npos.
2244  */
2245  size_type
2246  find_last_not_of(const _CharT* __s, size_type __pos,
2247  size_type __n) const;
2248  /**
2249  * @brief Find last position of a character not in C string.
2250  * @param __s C string containing characters to avoid.
2251  * @param __pos Index of character to search back from (default end).
2252  * @return Index of last occurrence.
2253  *
2254  * Starting from @a __pos, searches backward for a character
2255  * not contained in @a __s within this string. If found,
2256  * returns the index where it was found. If not found, returns
2257  * npos.
2258  */
2259  size_type
2260  find_last_not_of(const _CharT* __s, size_type __pos = npos) const
2261  {
2262  __glibcxx_requires_string(__s);
2263  return this->find_last_not_of(__s, __pos, traits_type::length(__s));
2264  }
2265 
2266  /**
2267  * @brief Find last position of a different character.
2268  * @param __c Character to avoid.
2269  * @param __pos Index of character to search back from (default end).
2270  * @return Index of last occurrence.
2271  *
2272  * Starting from @a __pos, searches backward for a character other than
2273  * @a __c within this string. If found, returns the index where it was
2274  * found. If not found, returns npos.
2275  */
2276  size_type
2277  find_last_not_of(_CharT __c, size_type __pos = npos) const
2278  _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT;
2279 
2280  /**
2281  * @brief Get a substring.
2282  * @param __pos Index of first character (default 0).
2283  * @param __n Number of characters in substring (default remainder).
2284  * @return The new string.
2285  * @throw std::out_of_range If __pos > size().
2286  *
2287  * Construct and return a new string using the @a __n
2288  * characters starting at @a __pos. If the string is too
2289  * short, use the remainder of the characters. If @a __pos is
2290  * beyond the end of the string, out_of_range is thrown.
2291  */
2292  basic_string
2293  substr(size_type __pos = 0, size_type __n = npos) const
2294  { return basic_string(*this,
2295  _M_check(__pos, "basic_string::substr"), __n); }
2296 
2297  /**
2298  * @brief Compare to a string.
2299  * @param __str String to compare against.
2300  * @return Integer < 0, 0, or > 0.
2301  *
2302  * Returns an integer < 0 if this string is ordered before @a
2303  * __str, 0 if their values are equivalent, or > 0 if this
2304  * string is ordered after @a __str. Determines the effective
2305  * length rlen of the strings to compare as the smallest of
2306  * size() and str.size(). The function then compares the two
2307  * strings by calling traits::compare(data(), str.data(),rlen).
2308  * If the result of the comparison is nonzero returns it,
2309  * otherwise the shorter one is ordered first.
2310  */
2311  int
2312  compare(const basic_string& __str) const
2313  {
2314  const size_type __size = this->size();
2315  const size_type __osize = __str.size();
2316  const size_type __len = std::min(__size, __osize);
2317 
2318  int __r = traits_type::compare(_M_data(), __str.data(), __len);
2319  if (!__r)
2320  __r = _S_compare(__size, __osize);
2321  return __r;
2322  }
2323 
2324  /**
2325  * @brief Compare substring to a string.
2326  * @param __pos Index of first character of substring.
2327  * @param __n Number of characters in substring.
2328  * @param __str String to compare against.
2329  * @return Integer < 0, 0, or > 0.
2330  *
2331  * Form the substring of this string from the @a __n characters
2332  * starting at @a __pos. Returns an integer < 0 if the
2333  * substring is ordered before @a __str, 0 if their values are
2334  * equivalent, or > 0 if the substring is ordered after @a
2335  * __str. Determines the effective length rlen of the strings
2336  * to compare as the smallest of the length of the substring
2337  * and @a __str.size(). The function then compares the two
2338  * strings by calling
2339  * traits::compare(substring.data(),str.data(),rlen). If the
2340  * result of the comparison is nonzero returns it, otherwise
2341  * the shorter one is ordered first.
2342  */
2343  int
2344  compare(size_type __pos, size_type __n, const basic_string& __str) const;
2345 
2346  /**
2347  * @brief Compare substring to a substring.
2348  * @param __pos1 Index of first character of substring.
2349  * @param __n1 Number of characters in substring.
2350  * @param __str String to compare against.
2351  * @param __pos2 Index of first character of substring of str.
2352  * @param __n2 Number of characters in substring of str.
2353  * @return Integer < 0, 0, or > 0.
2354  *
2355  * Form the substring of this string from the @a __n1
2356  * characters starting at @a __pos1. Form the substring of @a
2357  * __str from the @a __n2 characters starting at @a __pos2.
2358  * Returns an integer < 0 if this substring is ordered before
2359  * the substring of @a __str, 0 if their values are equivalent,
2360  * or > 0 if this substring is ordered after the substring of
2361  * @a __str. Determines the effective length rlen of the
2362  * strings to compare as the smallest of the lengths of the
2363  * substrings. The function then compares the two strings by
2364  * calling
2365  * traits::compare(substring.data(),str.substr(pos2,n2).data(),rlen).
2366  * If the result of the comparison is nonzero returns it,
2367  * otherwise the shorter one is ordered first.
2368  */
2369  int
2370  compare(size_type __pos1, size_type __n1, const basic_string& __str,
2371  size_type __pos2, size_type __n2) const;
2372 
2373  /**
2374  * @brief Compare to a C string.
2375  * @param __s C string to compare against.
2376  * @return Integer < 0, 0, or > 0.
2377  *
2378  * Returns an integer < 0 if this string is ordered before @a __s, 0 if
2379  * their values are equivalent, or > 0 if this string is ordered after
2380  * @a __s. Determines the effective length rlen of the strings to
2381  * compare as the smallest of size() and the length of a string
2382  * constructed from @a __s. The function then compares the two strings
2383  * by calling traits::compare(data(),s,rlen). If the result of the
2384  * comparison is nonzero returns it, otherwise the shorter one is
2385  * ordered first.
2386  */
2387  int
2388  compare(const _CharT* __s) const;
2389 
2390  // _GLIBCXX_RESOLVE_LIB_DEFECTS
2391  // 5 String::compare specification questionable
2392  /**
2393  * @brief Compare substring to a C string.
2394  * @param __pos Index of first character of substring.
2395  * @param __n1 Number of characters in substring.
2396  * @param __s C string to compare against.
2397  * @return Integer < 0, 0, or > 0.
2398  *
2399  * Form the substring of this string from the @a __n1
2400  * characters starting at @a pos. Returns an integer < 0 if
2401  * the substring is ordered before @a __s, 0 if their values
2402  * are equivalent, or > 0 if the substring is ordered after @a
2403  * __s. Determines the effective length rlen of the strings to
2404  * compare as the smallest of the length of the substring and
2405  * the length of a string constructed from @a __s. The
2406  * function then compares the two string by calling
2407  * traits::compare(substring.data(),__s,rlen). If the result of
2408  * the comparison is nonzero returns it, otherwise the shorter
2409  * one is ordered first.
2410  */
2411  int
2412  compare(size_type __pos, size_type __n1, const _CharT* __s) const;
2413 
2414  /**
2415  * @brief Compare substring against a character %array.
2416  * @param __pos Index of first character of substring.
2417  * @param __n1 Number of characters in substring.
2418  * @param __s character %array to compare against.
2419  * @param __n2 Number of characters of s.
2420  * @return Integer < 0, 0, or > 0.
2421  *
2422  * Form the substring of this string from the @a __n1
2423  * characters starting at @a __pos. Form a string from the
2424  * first @a __n2 characters of @a __s. Returns an integer < 0
2425  * if this substring is ordered before the string from @a __s,
2426  * 0 if their values are equivalent, or > 0 if this substring
2427  * is ordered after the string from @a __s. Determines the
2428  * effective length rlen of the strings to compare as the
2429  * smallest of the length of the substring and @a __n2. The
2430  * function then compares the two strings by calling
2431  * traits::compare(substring.data(),s,rlen). If the result of
2432  * the comparison is nonzero returns it, otherwise the shorter
2433  * one is ordered first.
2434  *
2435  * NB: s must have at least n2 characters, &apos;\\0&apos; has
2436  * no special meaning.
2437  */
2438  int
2439  compare(size_type __pos, size_type __n1, const _CharT* __s,
2440  size_type __n2) const;
2441  };
2442 _GLIBCXX_END_NAMESPACE_CXX11
2443 #else // !_GLIBCXX_USE_CXX11_ABI
2444  // Reference-counted COW string implentation
2445 
2446  /**
2447  * @class basic_string basic_string.h <string>
2448  * @brief Managing sequences of characters and character-like objects.
2449  *
2450  * @ingroup strings
2451  * @ingroup sequences
2452  *
2453  * @tparam _CharT Type of character
2454  * @tparam _Traits Traits for character type, defaults to
2455  * char_traits<_CharT>.
2456  * @tparam _Alloc Allocator type, defaults to allocator<_CharT>.
2457  *
2458  * Meets the requirements of a <a href="tables.html#65">container</a>, a
2459  * <a href="tables.html#66">reversible container</a>, and a
2460  * <a href="tables.html#67">sequence</a>. Of the
2461  * <a href="tables.html#68">optional sequence requirements</a>, only
2462  * @c push_back, @c at, and @c %array access are supported.
2463  *
2464  * @doctodo
2465  *
2466  *
2467  * Documentation? What's that?
2468  * Nathan Myers <[email protected]>.
2469  *
2470  * A string looks like this:
2471  *
2472  * @code
2473  * [_Rep]
2474  * _M_length
2475  * [basic_string<char_type>] _M_capacity
2476  * _M_dataplus _M_refcount
2477  * _M_p ----------------> unnamed array of char_type
2478  * @endcode
2479  *
2480  * Where the _M_p points to the first character in the string, and
2481  * you cast it to a pointer-to-_Rep and subtract 1 to get a
2482  * pointer to the header.
2483  *
2484  * This approach has the enormous advantage that a string object
2485  * requires only one allocation. All the ugliness is confined
2486  * within a single %pair of inline functions, which each compile to
2487  * a single @a add instruction: _Rep::_M_data(), and
2488  * string::_M_rep(); and the allocation function which gets a
2489  * block of raw bytes and with room enough and constructs a _Rep
2490  * object at the front.
2491  *
2492  * The reason you want _M_data pointing to the character %array and
2493  * not the _Rep is so that the debugger can see the string
2494  * contents. (Probably we should add a non-inline member to get
2495  * the _Rep for the debugger to use, so users can check the actual
2496  * string length.)
2497  *
2498  * Note that the _Rep object is a POD so that you can have a
2499  * static <em>empty string</em> _Rep object already @a constructed before
2500  * static constructors have run. The reference-count encoding is
2501  * chosen so that a 0 indicates one reference, so you never try to
2502  * destroy the empty-string _Rep object.
2503  *
2504  * All but the last paragraph is considered pretty conventional
2505  * for a C++ string implementation.
2506  */
2507  // 21.3 Template class basic_string
2508  template<typename _CharT, typename _Traits, typename _Alloc>
2509  class basic_string
2510  {
2511  typedef typename _Alloc::template rebind<_CharT>::other _CharT_alloc_type;
2512 
2513  // Types:
2514  public:
2515  typedef _Traits traits_type;
2516  typedef typename _Traits::char_type value_type;
2517  typedef _Alloc allocator_type;
2518  typedef typename _CharT_alloc_type::size_type size_type;
2519  typedef typename _CharT_alloc_type::difference_type difference_type;
2520  typedef typename _CharT_alloc_type::reference reference;
2521  typedef typename _CharT_alloc_type::const_reference const_reference;
2522  typedef typename _CharT_alloc_type::pointer pointer;
2523  typedef typename _CharT_alloc_type::const_pointer const_pointer;
2524  typedef __gnu_cxx::__normal_iterator<pointer, basic_string> iterator;
2525  typedef __gnu_cxx::__normal_iterator<const_pointer, basic_string>
2526  const_iterator;
2527  typedef std::reverse_iterator<const_iterator> const_reverse_iterator;
2528  typedef std::reverse_iterator<iterator> reverse_iterator;
2529 
2530  private:
2531  // _Rep: string representation
2532  // Invariants:
2533  // 1. String really contains _M_length + 1 characters: due to 21.3.4
2534  // must be kept null-terminated.
2535  // 2. _M_capacity >= _M_length
2536  // Allocated memory is always (_M_capacity + 1) * sizeof(_CharT).
2537  // 3. _M_refcount has three states:
2538  // -1: leaked, one reference, no ref-copies allowed, non-const.
2539  // 0: one reference, non-const.
2540  // n>0: n + 1 references, operations require a lock, const.
2541  // 4. All fields==0 is an empty string, given the extra storage
2542  // beyond-the-end for a null terminator; thus, the shared
2543  // empty string representation needs no constructor.
2544 
2545  struct _Rep_base
2546  {
2547  size_type _M_length;
2548  size_type _M_capacity;
2549  _Atomic_word _M_refcount;
2550  };
2551 
2552  struct _Rep : _Rep_base
2553  {
2554  // Types:
2555  typedef typename _Alloc::template rebind<char>::other _Raw_bytes_alloc;
2556 
2557  // (Public) Data members:
2558 
2559  // The maximum number of individual char_type elements of an
2560  // individual string is determined by _S_max_size. This is the
2561  // value that will be returned by max_size(). (Whereas npos
2562  // is the maximum number of bytes the allocator can allocate.)
2563  // If one was to divvy up the theoretical largest size string,
2564  // with a terminating character and m _CharT elements, it'd
2565  // look like this:
2566  // npos = sizeof(_Rep) + (m * sizeof(_CharT)) + sizeof(_CharT)
2567  // Solving for m:
2568  // m = ((npos - sizeof(_Rep))/sizeof(CharT)) - 1
2569  // In addition, this implementation quarters this amount.
2570  static const size_type _S_max_size;
2571  static const _CharT _S_terminal;
2572 
2573  // The following storage is init'd to 0 by the linker, resulting
2574  // (carefully) in an empty string with one reference.
2575  static size_type _S_empty_rep_storage[];
2576 
2577  static _Rep&
2578  _S_empty_rep() _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
2579  {
2580  // NB: Mild hack to avoid strict-aliasing warnings. Note that
2581  // _S_empty_rep_storage is never modified and the punning should
2582  // be reasonably safe in this case.
2583  void* __p = reinterpret_cast<void*>(&_S_empty_rep_storage);
2584  return *reinterpret_cast<_Rep*>(__p);
2585  }
2586 
2587  bool
2588  _M_is_leaked() const _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
2589  { return this->_M_refcount < 0; }
2590 
2591  bool
2592  _M_is_shared() const _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
2593  { return this->_M_refcount > 0; }
2594 
2595  void
2596  _M_set_leaked() _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
2597  { this->_M_refcount = -1; }
2598 
2599  void
2600  _M_set_sharable() _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
2601  { this->_M_refcount = 0; }
2602 
2603  void
2604  _M_set_length_and_sharable(size_type __n) _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
2605  {
2606 #if _GLIBCXX_FULLY_DYNAMIC_STRING == 0
2607  if (__builtin_expect(this != &_S_empty_rep(), false))
2608 #endif
2609  {
2610  this->_M_set_sharable(); // One reference.
2611  this->_M_length = __n;
2612  traits_type::assign(this->_M_refdata()[__n], _S_terminal);
2613  // grrr. (per 21.3.4)
2614  // You cannot leave those LWG people alone for a second.
2615  }
2616  }
2617 
2618  _CharT*
2619  _M_refdata() throw()
2620  { return reinterpret_cast<_CharT*>(this + 1); }
2621 
2622  _CharT*
2623  _M_grab(const _Alloc& __alloc1, const _Alloc& __alloc2)
2624  {
2625  return (!_M_is_leaked() && __alloc1 == __alloc2)
2626  ? _M_refcopy() : _M_clone(__alloc1);
2627  }
2628 
2629  // Create & Destroy
2630  static _Rep*
2631  _S_create(size_type, size_type, const _Alloc&);
2632 
2633  void
2634  _M_dispose(const _Alloc& __a) _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
2635  {
2636 #if _GLIBCXX_FULLY_DYNAMIC_STRING == 0
2637  if (__builtin_expect(this != &_S_empty_rep(), false))
2638 #endif
2639  {
2640  // Be race-detector-friendly. For more info see bits/c++config.
2641  _GLIBCXX_SYNCHRONIZATION_HAPPENS_BEFORE(&this->_M_refcount);
2642  if (__gnu_cxx::__exchange_and_add_dispatch(&this->_M_refcount,
2643  -1) <= 0)
2644  {
2645  _GLIBCXX_SYNCHRONIZATION_HAPPENS_AFTER(&this->_M_refcount);
2646  _M_destroy(__a);
2647  }
2648  }
2649  } // XXX MT
2650 
2651  void
2652  _M_destroy(const _Alloc&) throw();
2653 
2654  _CharT*
2655  _M_refcopy() throw()
2656  {
2657 #if _GLIBCXX_FULLY_DYNAMIC_STRING == 0
2658  if (__builtin_expect(this != &_S_empty_rep(), false))
2659 #endif
2660  __gnu_cxx::__atomic_add_dispatch(&this->_M_refcount, 1);
2661  return _M_refdata();
2662  } // XXX MT
2663 
2664  _CharT*
2665  _M_clone(const _Alloc&, size_type __res = 0);
2666  };
2667 
2668  // Use empty-base optimization: http://www.cantrip.org/emptyopt.html
2669  struct _Alloc_hider : _Alloc
2670  {
2671  _Alloc_hider(_CharT* __dat, const _Alloc& __a) _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
2672  : _Alloc(__a), _M_p(__dat) { }
2673 
2674  _CharT* _M_p; // The actual data.
2675  };
2676 
2677  public:
2678  // Data Members (public):
2679  // NB: This is an unsigned type, and thus represents the maximum
2680  // size that the allocator can hold.
2681  /// Value returned by various member functions when they fail.
2682  static const size_type npos = static_cast<size_type>(-1);
2683 
2684  private:
2685  // Data Members (private):
2686  mutable _Alloc_hider _M_dataplus;
2687 
2688  _CharT*
2689  _M_data() const _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
2690  { return _M_dataplus._M_p; }
2691 
2692  _CharT*
2693  _M_data(_CharT* __p) _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
2694  { return (_M_dataplus._M_p = __p); }
2695 
2696  _Rep*
2697  _M_rep() const _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
2698  { return &((reinterpret_cast<_Rep*> (_M_data()))[-1]); }
2699 
2700  // For the internal use we have functions similar to `begin'/`end'
2701  // but they do not call _M_leak.
2702  iterator
2703  _M_ibegin() const _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
2704  { return iterator(_M_data()); }
2705 
2706  iterator
2707  _M_iend() const _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
2708  { return iterator(_M_data() + this->size()); }
2709 
2710  void
2711  _M_leak() // for use in begin() & non-const op[]
2712  {
2713  if (!_M_rep()->_M_is_leaked())
2714  _M_leak_hard();
2715  }
2716 
2717  size_type
2718  _M_check(size_type __pos, const char* __s) const
2719  {
2720  if (__pos > this->size())
2721  __throw_out_of_range_fmt(__N("%s: __pos (which is %zu) > "
2722  "this->size() (which is %zu)"),
2723  __s, __pos, this->size());
2724  return __pos;
2725  }
2726 
2727  void
2728  _M_check_length(size_type __n1, size_type __n2, const char* __s) const
2729  {
2730  if (this->max_size() - (this->size() - __n1) < __n2)
2731  __throw_length_error(__N(__s));
2732  }
2733 
2734  // NB: _M_limit doesn't check for a bad __pos value.
2735  size_type
2736  _M_limit(size_type __pos, size_type __off) const _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
2737  {
2738  const bool __testoff = __off < this->size() - __pos;
2739  return __testoff ? __off : this->size() - __pos;
2740  }
2741 
2742  // True if _Rep and source do not overlap.
2743  bool
2744  _M_disjunct(const _CharT* __s) const _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
2745  {
2746  return (less<const _CharT*>()(__s, _M_data())
2747  || less<const _CharT*>()(_M_data() + this->size(), __s));
2748  }
2749 
2750  // When __n = 1 way faster than the general multichar
2751  // traits_type::copy/move/assign.
2752  static void
2753  _M_copy(_CharT* __d, const _CharT* __s, size_type __n) _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
2754  {
2755  if (__n == 1)
2756  traits_type::assign(*__d, *__s);
2757  else
2758  traits_type::copy(__d, __s, __n);
2759  }
2760 
2761  static void
2762  _M_move(_CharT* __d, const _CharT* __s, size_type __n) _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
2763  {
2764  if (__n == 1)
2765  traits_type::assign(*__d, *__s);
2766  else
2767  traits_type::move(__d, __s, __n);
2768  }
2769 
2770  static void
2771  _M_assign(_CharT* __d, size_type __n, _CharT __c) _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
2772  {
2773  if (__n == 1)
2774  traits_type::assign(*__d, __c);
2775  else
2776  traits_type::assign(__d, __n, __c);
2777  }
2778 
2779  // _S_copy_chars is a separate template to permit specialization
2780  // to optimize for the common case of pointers as iterators.
2781  template<class _Iterator>
2782  static void
2783  _S_copy_chars(_CharT* __p, _Iterator __k1, _Iterator __k2)
2784  {
2785  for (; __k1 != __k2; ++__k1, ++__p)
2786  traits_type::assign(*__p, *__k1); // These types are off.
2787  }
2788 
2789  static void
2790  _S_copy_chars(_CharT* __p, iterator __k1, iterator __k2) _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
2791  { _S_copy_chars(__p, __k1.base(), __k2.base()); }
2792 
2793  static void
2794  _S_copy_chars(_CharT* __p, const_iterator __k1, const_iterator __k2)
2795  _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
2796  { _S_copy_chars(__p, __k1.base(), __k2.base()); }
2797 
2798  static void
2799  _S_copy_chars(_CharT* __p, _CharT* __k1, _CharT* __k2) _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
2800  { _M_copy(__p, __k1, __k2 - __k1); }
2801 
2802  static void
2803  _S_copy_chars(_CharT* __p, const _CharT* __k1, const _CharT* __k2)
2804  _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
2805  { _M_copy(__p, __k1, __k2 - __k1); }
2806 
2807  static int
2808  _S_compare(size_type __n1, size_type __n2) _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
2809  {
2810  const difference_type __d = difference_type(__n1 - __n2);
2811 
2812  if (__d > __gnu_cxx::__numeric_traits<int>::__max)
2813  return __gnu_cxx::__numeric_traits<int>::__max;
2814  else if (__d < __gnu_cxx::__numeric_traits<int>::__min)
2815  return __gnu_cxx::__numeric_traits<int>::__min;
2816  else
2817  return int(__d);
2818  }
2819 
2820  void
2821  _M_mutate(size_type __pos, size_type __len1, size_type __len2);
2822 
2823  void
2824  _M_leak_hard();
2825 
2826  static _Rep&
2827  _S_empty_rep() _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
2828  { return _Rep::_S_empty_rep(); }
2829 
2830  public:
2831  // Construct/copy/destroy:
2832  // NB: We overload ctors in some cases instead of using default
2833  // arguments, per 17.4.4.4 para. 2 item 2.
2834 
2835  /**
2836  * @brief Default constructor creates an empty string.
2837  */
2839 #if _GLIBCXX_FULLY_DYNAMIC_STRING == 0
2840  : _M_dataplus(_S_empty_rep()._M_refdata(), _Alloc()) { }
2841 #else
2842  : _M_dataplus(_S_construct(size_type(), _CharT(), _Alloc()), _Alloc()){ }
2843 #endif
2844 
2845  /**
2846  * @brief Construct an empty string using allocator @a a.
2847  */
2848  explicit
2849  basic_string(const _Alloc& __a);
2850 
2851  // NB: per LWG issue 42, semantics different from IS:
2852  /**
2853  * @brief Construct string with copy of value of @a str.
2854  * @param __str Source string.
2855  */
2856  basic_string(const basic_string& __str);
2857  /**
2858  * @brief Construct string as copy of a substring.
2859  * @param __str Source string.
2860  * @param __pos Index of first character to copy from.
2861  * @param __n Number of characters to copy (default remainder).
2862  */
2863  basic_string(const basic_string& __str, size_type __pos,
2864  size_type __n = npos);
2865  /**
2866  * @brief Construct string as copy of a substring.
2867  * @param __str Source string.
2868  * @param __pos Index of first character to copy from.
2869  * @param __n Number of characters to copy.
2870  * @param __a Allocator to use.
2871  */
2872  basic_string(const basic_string& __str, size_type __pos,
2873  size_type __n, const _Alloc& __a);
2874 
2875  /**
2876  * @brief Construct string initialized by a character %array.
2877  * @param __s Source character %array.
2878  * @param __n Number of characters to copy.
2879  * @param __a Allocator to use (default is default allocator).
2880  *
2881  * NB: @a __s must have at least @a __n characters, &apos;\\0&apos;
2882  * has no special meaning.
2883  */
2884  basic_string(const _CharT* __s, size_type __n,
2885  const _Alloc& __a = _Alloc());
2886  /**
2887  * @brief Construct string as copy of a C string.
2888  * @param __s Source C string.
2889  * @param __a Allocator to use (default is default allocator).
2890  */
2891  basic_string(const _CharT* __s, const _Alloc& __a = _Alloc());
2892  /**
2893  * @brief Construct string as multiple characters.
2894  * @param __n Number of characters.
2895  * @param __c Character to use.
2896  * @param __a Allocator to use (default is default allocator).
2897  */
2898  basic_string(size_type __n, _CharT __c, const _Alloc& __a = _Alloc());
2899 
2900 #if __cplusplus >= 201103L
2901  /**
2902  * @brief Move construct string.
2903  * @param __str Source string.
2904  *
2905  * The newly-created string contains the exact contents of @a __str.
2906  * @a __str is a valid, but unspecified string.
2907  **/
2908  basic_string(basic_string&& __str)
2909 #if _GLIBCXX_FULLY_DYNAMIC_STRING == 0
2910  noexcept // FIXME C++11: should always be noexcept.
2911 #endif
2912  : _M_dataplus(__str._M_dataplus)
2913  {
2914 #if _GLIBCXX_FULLY_DYNAMIC_STRING == 0
2915  __str._M_data(_S_empty_rep()._M_refdata());
2916 #else
2917  __str._M_data(_S_construct(size_type(), _CharT(), get_allocator()));
2918 #endif
2919  }
2920 
2921  /**
2922  * @brief Construct string from an initializer %list.
2923  * @param __l std::initializer_list of characters.
2924  * @param __a Allocator to use (default is default allocator).
2925  */
2926  basic_string(initializer_list<_CharT> __l, const _Alloc& __a = _Alloc());
2927 #endif // C++11
2928 
2929  /**
2930  * @brief Construct string as copy of a range.
2931  * @param __beg Start of range.
2932  * @param __end End of range.
2933  * @param __a Allocator to use (default is default allocator).
2934  */
2935  template<class _InputIterator>
2936  basic_string(_InputIterator __beg, _InputIterator __end,
2937  const _Alloc& __a = _Alloc());
2938 
2939  /**
2940  * @brief Destroy the string instance.
2941  */
2942  ~basic_string() _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
2943  { _M_rep()->_M_dispose(this->get_allocator()); }
2944 
2945  /**
2946  * @brief Assign the value of @a str to this string.
2947  * @param __str Source string.
2948  */
2949  basic_string&
2950  operator=(const basic_string& __str)
2951  { return this->assign(__str); }
2952 
2953  /**
2954  * @brief Copy contents of @a s into this string.
2955  * @param __s Source null-terminated string.
2956  */
2957  basic_string&
2958  operator=(const _CharT* __s)
2959  { return this->assign(__s); }
2960 
2961  /**
2962  * @brief Set value to string of length 1.
2963  * @param __c Source character.
2964  *
2965  * Assigning to a character makes this string length 1 and
2966  * (*this)[0] == @a c.
2967  */
2968  basic_string&
2969  operator=(_CharT __c)
2970  {
2971  this->assign(1, __c);
2972  return *this;
2973  }
2974 
2975 #if __cplusplus >= 201103L
2976  /**
2977  * @brief Move assign the value of @a str to this string.
2978  * @param __str Source string.
2979  *
2980  * The contents of @a str are moved into this string (without copying).
2981  * @a str is a valid, but unspecified string.
2982  **/
2983  // PR 58265, this should be noexcept.
2984  basic_string&
2985  operator=(basic_string&& __str)
2986  {
2987  // NB: DR 1204.
2988  this->swap(__str);
2989  return *this;
2990  }
2991 
2992  /**
2993  * @brief Set value to string constructed from initializer %list.
2994  * @param __l std::initializer_list.
2995  */
2996  basic_string&
2998  {
2999  this->assign(__l.begin(), __l.size());
3000  return *this;
3001  }
3002 #endif // C++11
3003 
3004  // Iterators:
3005  /**
3006  * Returns a read/write iterator that points to the first character in
3007  * the %string. Unshares the string.
3008  */
3009  iterator
3010  begin() // FIXME C++11: should be noexcept.
3011  {
3012  _M_leak();
3013  return iterator(_M_data());
3014  }
3015 
3016  /**
3017  * Returns a read-only (constant) iterator that points to the first
3018  * character in the %string.
3019  */
3020  const_iterator
3021  begin() const _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
3022  { return const_iterator(_M_data()); }
3023 
3024  /**
3025  * Returns a read/write iterator that points one past the last
3026  * character in the %string. Unshares the string.
3027  */
3028  iterator
3029  end() // FIXME C++11: should be noexcept.
3030  {
3031  _M_leak();
3032  return iterator(_M_data() + this->size());
3033  }
3034 
3035  /**
3036  * Returns a read-only (constant) iterator that points one past the
3037  * last character in the %string.
3038  */
3039  const_iterator
3040  end() const _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
3041  { return const_iterator(_M_data() + this->size()); }
3042 
3043  /**
3044  * Returns a read/write reverse iterator that points to the last
3045  * character in the %string. Iteration is done in reverse element
3046  * order. Unshares the string.
3047  */
3048  reverse_iterator
3049  rbegin() // FIXME C++11: should be noexcept.
3050  { return reverse_iterator(this->end()); }
3051 
3052  /**
3053  * Returns a read-only (constant) reverse iterator that points
3054  * to the last character in the %string. Iteration is done in
3055  * reverse element order.
3056  */
3057  const_reverse_iterator
3058  rbegin() const _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
3059  { return const_reverse_iterator(this->end()); }
3060 
3061  /**
3062  * Returns a read/write reverse iterator that points to one before the
3063  * first character in the %string. Iteration is done in reverse
3064  * element order. Unshares the string.
3065  */
3066  reverse_iterator
3067  rend() // FIXME C++11: should be noexcept.
3068  { return reverse_iterator(this->begin()); }
3069 
3070  /**
3071  * Returns a read-only (constant) reverse iterator that points
3072  * to one before the first character in the %string. Iteration
3073  * is done in reverse element order.
3074  */
3075  const_reverse_iterator
3076  rend() const _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
3077  { return const_reverse_iterator(this->begin()); }
3078 
3079 #if __cplusplus >= 201103L
3080  /**
3081  * Returns a read-only (constant) iterator that points to the first
3082  * character in the %string.
3083  */
3084  const_iterator
3085  cbegin() const noexcept
3086  { return const_iterator(this->_M_data()); }
3087 
3088  /**
3089  * Returns a read-only (constant) iterator that points one past the
3090  * last character in the %string.
3091  */
3092  const_iterator
3093  cend() const noexcept
3094  { return const_iterator(this->_M_data() + this->size()); }
3095 
3096  /**
3097  * Returns a read-only (constant) reverse iterator that points
3098  * to the last character in the %string. Iteration is done in
3099  * reverse element order.
3100  */
3101  const_reverse_iterator
3102  crbegin() const noexcept
3103  { return const_reverse_iterator(this->end()); }
3104 
3105  /**
3106  * Returns a read-only (constant) reverse iterator that points
3107  * to one before the first character in the %string. Iteration
3108  * is done in reverse element order.
3109  */
3110  const_reverse_iterator
3111  crend() const noexcept
3112  { return const_reverse_iterator(this->begin()); }
3113 #endif
3114 
3115  public:
3116  // Capacity:
3117  /// Returns the number of characters in the string, not including any
3118  /// null-termination.
3119  size_type
3120  size() const _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
3121  { return _M_rep()->_M_length; }
3122 
3123  /// Returns the number of characters in the string, not including any
3124  /// null-termination.
3125  size_type
3126  length() const _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
3127  { return _M_rep()->_M_length; }
3128 
3129  /// Returns the size() of the largest possible %string.
3130  size_type
3131  max_size() const _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
3132  { return _Rep::_S_max_size; }
3133 
3134  /**
3135  * @brief Resizes the %string to the specified number of characters.
3136  * @param __n Number of characters the %string should contain.
3137  * @param __c Character to fill any new elements.
3138  *
3139  * This function will %resize the %string to the specified
3140  * number of characters. If the number is smaller than the
3141  * %string's current size the %string is truncated, otherwise
3142  * the %string is extended and new elements are %set to @a __c.
3143  */
3144  void
3145  resize(size_type __n, _CharT __c);
3146 
3147  /**
3148  * @brief Resizes the %string to the specified number of characters.
3149  * @param __n Number of characters the %string should contain.
3150  *
3151  * This function will resize the %string to the specified length. If
3152  * the new size is smaller than the %string's current size the %string
3153  * is truncated, otherwise the %string is extended and new characters
3154  * are default-constructed. For basic types such as char, this means
3155  * setting them to 0.
3156  */
3157  void
3158  resize(size_type __n)
3159  { this->resize(__n, _CharT()); }
3160 
3161 #if __cplusplus >= 201103L
3162  /// A non-binding request to reduce capacity() to size().
3163  void
3164  shrink_to_fit() _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
3165  {
3166 #if __cpp_exceptions
3167  if (capacity() > size())
3168  {
3169  try
3170  { reserve(0); }
3171  catch(...)
3172  { }
3173  }
3174 #endif
3175  }
3176 #endif
3177 
3178  /**
3179  * Returns the total number of characters that the %string can hold
3180  * before needing to allocate more memory.
3181  */
3182  size_type
3183  capacity() const _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
3184  { return _M_rep()->_M_capacity; }
3185 
3186  /**
3187  * @brief Attempt to preallocate enough memory for specified number of
3188  * characters.
3189  * @param __res_arg Number of characters required.
3190  * @throw std::length_error If @a __res_arg exceeds @c max_size().
3191  *
3192  * This function attempts to reserve enough memory for the
3193  * %string to hold the specified number of characters. If the
3194  * number requested is more than max_size(), length_error is
3195  * thrown.
3196  *
3197  * The advantage of this function is that if optimal code is a
3198  * necessity and the user can determine the string length that will be
3199  * required, the user can reserve the memory in %advance, and thus
3200  * prevent a possible reallocation of memory and copying of %string
3201  * data.
3202  */
3203  void
3204  reserve(size_type __res_arg = 0);
3205 
3206  /**
3207  * Erases the string, making it empty.
3208  */
3209  // PR 56166: this should not throw.
3210  void
3212  { _M_mutate(0, this->size(), 0); }
3213 
3214  /**
3215  * Returns true if the %string is empty. Equivalent to
3216  * <code>*this == ""</code>.
3217  */
3218  bool
3219  empty() const _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
3220  { return this->size() == 0; }
3221 
3222  // Element access:
3223  /**
3224  * @brief Subscript access to the data contained in the %string.
3225  * @param __pos The index of the character to access.
3226  * @return Read-only (constant) reference to the character.
3227  *
3228  * This operator allows for easy, array-style, data access.
3229  * Note that data access with this operator is unchecked and
3230  * out_of_range lookups are not defined. (For checked lookups
3231  * see at().)
3232  */
3233  const_reference
3234  operator[] (size_type __pos) const _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
3235  {
3236  _GLIBCXX_DEBUG_ASSERT(__pos <= size());
3237  return _M_data()[__pos];
3238  }
3239 
3240  /**
3241  * @brief Subscript access to the data contained in the %string.
3242  * @param __pos The index of the character to access.
3243  * @return Read/write reference to the character.
3244  *
3245  * This operator allows for easy, array-style, data access.
3246  * Note that data access with this operator is unchecked and
3247  * out_of_range lookups are not defined. (For checked lookups
3248  * see at().) Unshares the string.
3249  */
3250  reference
3251  operator[](size_type __pos)
3252  {
3253  // Allow pos == size() both in C++98 mode, as v3 extension,
3254  // and in C++11 mode.
3255  _GLIBCXX_DEBUG_ASSERT(__pos <= size());
3256  // In pedantic mode be strict in C++98 mode.
3257  _GLIBCXX_DEBUG_PEDASSERT(__cplusplus >= 201103L || __pos < size());
3258  _M_leak();
3259  return _M_data()[__pos];
3260  }
3261 
3262  /**
3263  * @brief Provides access to the data contained in the %string.
3264  * @param __n The index of the character to access.
3265  * @return Read-only (const) reference to the character.
3266  * @throw std::out_of_range If @a n is an invalid index.
3267  *
3268  * This function provides for safer data access. The parameter is
3269  * first checked that it is in the range of the string. The function
3270  * throws out_of_range if the check fails.
3271  */
3272  const_reference
3273  at(size_type __n) const
3274  {
3275  if (__n >= this->size())
3276  __throw_out_of_range_fmt(__N("basic_string::at: __n "
3277  "(which is %zu) >= this->size() "
3278  "(which is %zu)"),
3279  __n, this->size());
3280  return _M_data()[__n];
3281  }
3282 
3283  /**
3284  * @brief Provides access to the data contained in the %string.
3285  * @param __n The index of the character to access.
3286  * @return Read/write reference to the character.
3287  * @throw std::out_of_range If @a n is an invalid index.
3288  *
3289  * This function provides for safer data access. The parameter is
3290  * first checked that it is in the range of the string. The function
3291  * throws out_of_range if the check fails. Success results in
3292  * unsharing the string.
3293  */
3294  reference
3295  at(size_type __n)
3296  {
3297  if (__n >= size())
3298  __throw_out_of_range_fmt(__N("basic_string::at: __n "
3299  "(which is %zu) >= this->size() "
3300  "(which is %zu)"),
3301  __n, this->size());
3302  _M_leak();
3303  return _M_data()[__n];
3304  }
3305 
3306 #if __cplusplus >= 201103L
3307  /**
3308  * Returns a read/write reference to the data at the first
3309  * element of the %string.
3310  */
3311  reference
3313  { return operator[](0); }
3314 
3315  /**
3316  * Returns a read-only (constant) reference to the data at the first
3317  * element of the %string.
3318  */
3319  const_reference
3320  front() const _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
3321  { return operator[](0); }
3322 
3323  /**
3324  * Returns a read/write reference to the data at the last
3325  * element of the %string.
3326  */
3327  reference
3329  { return operator[](this->size() - 1); }
3330 
3331  /**
3332  * Returns a read-only (constant) reference to the data at the
3333  * last element of the %string.
3334  */
3335  const_reference
3336  back() const _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
3337  { return operator[](this->size() - 1); }
3338 #endif
3339 
3340  // Modifiers:
3341  /**
3342  * @brief Append a string to this string.
3343  * @param __str The string to append.
3344  * @return Reference to this string.
3345  */
3346  basic_string&
3347  operator+=(const basic_string& __str)
3348  { return this->append(__str); }
3349 
3350  /**
3351  * @brief Append a C string.
3352  * @param __s The C string to append.
3353  * @return Reference to this string.
3354  */
3355  basic_string&
3356  operator+=(const _CharT* __s)
3357  { return this->append(__s); }
3358 
3359  /**
3360  * @brief Append a character.
3361  * @param __c The character to append.
3362  * @return Reference to this string.
3363  */
3364  basic_string&
3365  operator+=(_CharT __c)
3366  {
3367  this->push_back(__c);
3368  return *this;
3369  }
3370 
3371 #if __cplusplus >= 201103L
3372  /**
3373  * @brief Append an initializer_list of characters.
3374  * @param __l The initializer_list of characters to be appended.
3375  * @return Reference to this string.
3376  */
3377  basic_string&
3379  { return this->append(__l.begin(), __l.size()); }
3380 #endif // C++11
3381 
3382  /**
3383  * @brief Append a string to this string.
3384  * @param __str The string to append.
3385  * @return Reference to this string.
3386  */
3387  basic_string&
3388  append(const basic_string& __str);
3389 
3390  /**
3391  * @brief Append a substring.
3392  * @param __str The string to append.
3393  * @param __pos Index of the first character of str to append.
3394  * @param __n The number of characters to append.
3395  * @return Reference to this string.
3396  * @throw std::out_of_range if @a __pos is not a valid index.
3397  *
3398  * This function appends @a __n characters from @a __str
3399  * starting at @a __pos to this string. If @a __n is is larger
3400  * than the number of available characters in @a __str, the
3401  * remainder of @a __str is appended.
3402  */
3403  basic_string&
3404  append(const basic_string& __str, size_type __pos, size_type __n);
3405 
3406  /**
3407  * @brief Append a C substring.
3408  * @param __s The C string to append.
3409  * @param __n The number of characters to append.
3410  * @return Reference to this string.
3411  */
3412  basic_string&
3413  append(const _CharT* __s, size_type __n);
3414 
3415  /**
3416  * @brief Append a C string.
3417  * @param __s The C string to append.
3418  * @return Reference to this string.
3419  */
3420  basic_string&
3421  append(const _CharT* __s)
3422  {
3423  __glibcxx_requires_string(__s);
3424  return this->append(__s, traits_type::length(__s));
3425  }
3426 
3427  /**
3428  * @brief Append multiple characters.
3429  * @param __n The number of characters to append.
3430  * @param __c The character to use.
3431  * @return Reference to this string.
3432  *
3433  * Appends __n copies of __c to this string.
3434  */
3435  basic_string&
3436  append(size_type __n, _CharT __c);
3437 
3438 #if __cplusplus >= 201103L
3439  /**
3440  * @brief Append an initializer_list of characters.
3441  * @param __l The initializer_list of characters to append.
3442  * @return Reference to this string.
3443  */
3444  basic_string&
3446  { return this->append(__l.begin(), __l.size()); }
3447 #endif // C++11
3448 
3449  /**
3450  * @brief Append a range of characters.
3451  * @param __first Iterator referencing the first character to append.
3452  * @param __last Iterator marking the end of the range.
3453  * @return Reference to this string.
3454  *
3455  * Appends characters in the range [__first,__last) to this string.
3456  */
3457  template<class _InputIterator>
3458  basic_string&
3459  append(_InputIterator __first, _InputIterator __last)
3460  { return this->replace(_M_iend(), _M_iend(), __first, __last); }
3461 
3462  /**
3463  * @brief Append a single character.
3464  * @param __c Character to append.
3465  */
3466  void
3467  push_back(_CharT __c)
3468  {
3469  const size_type __len = 1 + this->size();
3470  if (__len > this->capacity() || _M_rep()->_M_is_shared())
3471  this->reserve(__len);
3472  traits_type::assign(_M_data()[this->size()], __c);
3473  _M_rep()->_M_set_length_and_sharable(__len);
3474  }
3475 
3476  /**
3477  * @brief Set value to contents of another string.
3478  * @param __str Source string to use.
3479  * @return Reference to this string.
3480  */
3481  basic_string&
3482  assign(const basic_string& __str);
3483 
3484 #if __cplusplus >= 201103L
3485  /**
3486  * @brief Set value to contents of another string.
3487  * @param __str Source string to use.
3488  * @return Reference to this string.
3489  *
3490  * This function sets this string to the exact contents of @a __str.
3491  * @a __str is a valid, but unspecified string.
3492  */
3493  // PR 58265, this should be noexcept.
3494  basic_string&
3495  assign(basic_string&& __str)
3496  {
3497  this->swap(__str);
3498  return *this;
3499  }
3500 #endif // C++11
3501 
3502  /**
3503  * @brief Set value to a substring of a string.
3504  * @param __str The string to use.
3505  * @param __pos Index of the first character of str.
3506  * @param __n Number of characters to use.
3507  * @return Reference to this string.
3508  * @throw std::out_of_range if @a pos is not a valid index.
3509  *
3510  * This function sets this string to the substring of @a __str
3511  * consisting of @a __n characters at @a __pos. If @a __n is
3512  * is larger than the number of available characters in @a
3513  * __str, the remainder of @a __str is used.
3514  */
3515  basic_string&
3516  assign(const basic_string& __str, size_type __pos, size_type __n)
3517  { return this->assign(__str._M_data()
3518  + __str._M_check(__pos, "basic_string::assign"),
3519  __str._M_limit(__pos, __n)); }
3520 
3521  /**
3522  * @brief Set value to a C substring.
3523  * @param __s The C string to use.
3524  * @param __n Number of characters to use.
3525  * @return Reference to this string.
3526  *
3527  * This function sets the value of this string to the first @a __n
3528  * characters of @a __s. If @a __n is is larger than the number of
3529  * available characters in @a __s, the remainder of @a __s is used.
3530  */
3531  basic_string&
3532  assign(const _CharT* __s, size_type __n);
3533 
3534  /**
3535  * @brief Set value to contents of a C string.
3536  * @param __s The C string to use.
3537  * @return Reference to this string.
3538  *
3539  * This function sets the value of this string to the value of @a __s.
3540  * The data is copied, so there is no dependence on @a __s once the
3541  * function returns.
3542  */
3543  basic_string&
3544  assign(const _CharT* __s)
3545  {
3546  __glibcxx_requires_string(__s);
3547  return this->assign(__s, traits_type::length(__s));
3548  }
3549 
3550  /**
3551  * @brief Set value to multiple characters.
3552  * @param __n Length of the resulting string.
3553  * @param __c The character to use.
3554  * @return Reference to this string.
3555  *
3556  * This function sets the value of this string to @a __n copies of
3557  * character @a __c.
3558  */
3559  basic_string&
3560  assign(size_type __n, _CharT __c)
3561  { return _M_replace_aux(size_type(0), this->size(), __n, __c); }
3562 
3563  /**
3564  * @brief Set value to a range of characters.
3565  * @param __first Iterator referencing the first character to append.
3566  * @param __last Iterator marking the end of the range.
3567  * @return Reference to this string.
3568  *
3569  * Sets value of string to characters in the range [__first,__last).
3570  */
3571  template<class _InputIterator>
3572  basic_string&
3573  assign(_InputIterator __first, _InputIterator __last)
3574  { return this->replace(_M_ibegin(), _M_iend(), __first, __last); }
3575 
3576 #if __cplusplus >= 201103L
3577  /**
3578  * @brief Set value to an initializer_list of characters.
3579  * @param __l The initializer_list of characters to assign.
3580  * @return Reference to this string.
3581  */
3582  basic_string&
3584  { return this->assign(__l.begin(), __l.size()); }
3585 #endif // C++11
3586 
3587  /**
3588  * @brief Insert multiple characters.
3589  * @param __p Iterator referencing location in string to insert at.
3590  * @param __n Number of characters to insert
3591  * @param __c The character to insert.
3592  * @throw std::length_error If new length exceeds @c max_size().
3593  *
3594  * Inserts @a __n copies of character @a __c starting at the
3595  * position referenced by iterator @a __p. If adding
3596  * characters causes the length to exceed max_size(),
3597  * length_error is thrown. The value of the string doesn't
3598  * change if an error is thrown.
3599  */
3600  void
3601  insert(iterator __p, size_type __n, _CharT __c)
3602  { this->replace(__p, __p, __n, __c); }
3603 
3604  /**
3605  * @brief Insert a range of characters.
3606  * @param __p Iterator referencing location in string to insert at.
3607  * @param __beg Start of range.
3608  * @param __end End of range.
3609  * @throw std::length_error If new length exceeds @c max_size().
3610  *
3611  * Inserts characters in range [__beg,__end). If adding
3612  * characters causes the length to exceed max_size(),
3613  * length_error is thrown. The value of the string doesn't
3614  * change if an error is thrown.
3615  */
3616  template<class _InputIterator>
3617  void
3618  insert(iterator __p, _InputIterator __beg, _InputIterator __end)
3619  { this->replace(__p, __p, __beg, __end); }
3620 
3621 #if __cplusplus >= 201103L
3622  /**
3623  * @brief Insert an initializer_list of characters.
3624  * @param __p Iterator referencing location in string to insert at.
3625  * @param __l The initializer_list of characters to insert.
3626  * @throw std::length_error If new length exceeds @c max_size().
3627  */
3628  void
3630  {
3631  _GLIBCXX_DEBUG_PEDASSERT(__p >= _M_ibegin() && __p <= _M_iend());
3632  this->insert(__p - _M_ibegin(), __l.begin(), __l.size());
3633  }
3634 #endif // C++11
3635 
3636  /**
3637  * @brief Insert value of a string.
3638  * @param __pos1 Iterator referencing location in string to insert at.
3639  * @param __str The string to insert.
3640  * @return Reference to this string.
3641  * @throw std::length_error If new length exceeds @c max_size().
3642  *
3643  * Inserts value of @a __str starting at @a __pos1. If adding
3644  * characters causes the length to exceed max_size(),
3645  * length_error is thrown. The value of the string doesn't
3646  * change if an error is thrown.
3647  */
3648  basic_string&
3649  insert(size_type __pos1, const basic_string& __str)
3650  { return this->insert(__pos1, __str, size_type(0), __str.size()); }
3651 
3652  /**
3653  * @brief Insert a substring.
3654  * @param __pos1 Iterator referencing location in string to insert at.
3655  * @param __str The string to insert.
3656  * @param __pos2 Start of characters in str to insert.
3657  * @param __n Number of characters to insert.
3658  * @return Reference to this string.
3659  * @throw std::length_error If new length exceeds @c max_size().
3660  * @throw std::out_of_range If @a pos1 > size() or
3661  * @a __pos2 > @a str.size().
3662  *
3663  * Starting at @a pos1, insert @a __n character of @a __str
3664  * beginning with @a __pos2. If adding characters causes the
3665  * length to exceed max_size(), length_error is thrown. If @a
3666  * __pos1 is beyond the end of this string or @a __pos2 is
3667  * beyond the end of @a __str, out_of_range is thrown. The
3668  * value of the string doesn't change if an error is thrown.
3669  */
3670  basic_string&
3671  insert(size_type __pos1, const basic_string& __str,
3672  size_type __pos2, size_type __n)
3673  { return this->insert(__pos1, __str._M_data()
3674  + __str._M_check(__pos2, "basic_string::insert"),
3675  __str._M_limit(__pos2, __n)); }
3676 
3677  /**
3678  * @brief Insert a C substring.
3679  * @param __pos Iterator referencing location in string to insert at.
3680  * @param __s The C string to insert.
3681  * @param __n The number of characters to insert.
3682  * @return Reference to this string.
3683  * @throw std::length_error If new length exceeds @c max_size().
3684  * @throw std::out_of_range If @a __pos is beyond the end of this
3685  * string.
3686  *
3687  * Inserts the first @a __n characters of @a __s starting at @a
3688  * __pos. If adding characters causes the length to exceed
3689  * max_size(), length_error is thrown. If @a __pos is beyond
3690  * end(), out_of_range is thrown. The value of the string
3691  * doesn't change if an error is thrown.
3692  */
3693  basic_string&
3694  insert(size_type __pos, const _CharT* __s, size_type __n);
3695 
3696  /**
3697  * @brief Insert a C string.
3698  * @param __pos Iterator referencing location in string to insert at.
3699  * @param __s The C string to insert.
3700  * @return Reference to this string.
3701  * @throw std::length_error If new length exceeds @c max_size().
3702  * @throw std::out_of_range If @a pos is beyond the end of this
3703  * string.
3704  *
3705  * Inserts the first @a n characters of @a __s starting at @a __pos. If
3706  * adding characters causes the length to exceed max_size(),
3707  * length_error is thrown. If @a __pos is beyond end(), out_of_range is
3708  * thrown. The value of the string doesn't change if an error is
3709  * thrown.
3710  */
3711  basic_string&
3712  insert(size_type __pos, const _CharT* __s)
3713  {
3714  __glibcxx_requires_string(__s);
3715  return this->insert(__pos, __s, traits_type::length(__s));
3716  }
3717 
3718  /**
3719  * @brief Insert multiple characters.
3720  * @param __pos Index in string to insert at.
3721  * @param __n Number of characters to insert
3722  * @param __c The character to insert.
3723  * @return Reference to this string.
3724  * @throw std::length_error If new length exceeds @c max_size().
3725  * @throw std::out_of_range If @a __pos is beyond the end of this
3726  * string.
3727  *
3728  * Inserts @a __n copies of character @a __c starting at index
3729  * @a __pos. If adding characters causes the length to exceed
3730  * max_size(), length_error is thrown. If @a __pos > length(),
3731  * out_of_range is thrown. The value of the string doesn't
3732  * change if an error is thrown.
3733  */
3734  basic_string&
3735  insert(size_type __pos, size_type __n, _CharT __c)
3736  { return _M_replace_aux(_M_check(__pos, "basic_string::insert"),
3737  size_type(0), __n, __c); }
3738 
3739  /**
3740  * @brief Insert one character.
3741  * @param __p Iterator referencing position in string to insert at.
3742  * @param __c The character to insert.
3743  * @return Iterator referencing newly inserted char.
3744  * @throw std::length_error If new length exceeds @c max_size().
3745  *
3746  * Inserts character @a __c at position referenced by @a __p.
3747  * If adding character causes the length to exceed max_size(),
3748  * length_error is thrown. If @a __p is beyond end of string,
3749  * out_of_range is thrown. The value of the string doesn't
3750  * change if an error is thrown.
3751  */
3752  iterator
3753  insert(iterator __p, _CharT __c)
3754  {
3755  _GLIBCXX_DEBUG_PEDASSERT(__p >= _M_ibegin() && __p <= _M_iend());
3756  const size_type __pos = __p - _M_ibegin();
3757  _M_replace_aux(__pos, size_type(0), size_type(1), __c);
3758  _M_rep()->_M_set_leaked();
3759  return iterator(_M_data() + __pos);
3760  }
3761 
3762  /**
3763  * @brief Remove characters.
3764  * @param __pos Index of first character to remove (default 0).
3765  * @param __n Number of characters to remove (default remainder).
3766  * @return Reference to this string.
3767  * @throw std::out_of_range If @a pos is beyond the end of this
3768  * string.
3769  *
3770  * Removes @a __n characters from this string starting at @a
3771  * __pos. The length of the string is reduced by @a __n. If
3772  * there are < @a __n characters to remove, the remainder of
3773  * the string is truncated. If @a __p is beyond end of string,
3774  * out_of_range is thrown. The value of the string doesn't
3775  * change if an error is thrown.
3776  */
3777  basic_string&
3778  erase(size_type __pos = 0, size_type __n = npos)
3779  {
3780  _M_mutate(_M_check(__pos, "basic_string::erase"),
3781  _M_limit(__pos, __n), size_type(0));
3782  return *this;
3783  }
3784 
3785  /**
3786  * @brief Remove one character.
3787  * @param __position Iterator referencing the character to remove.
3788  * @return iterator referencing same location after removal.
3789  *
3790  * Removes the character at @a __position from this string. The value
3791  * of the string doesn't change if an error is thrown.
3792  */
3793  iterator
3794  erase(iterator __position)
3795  {
3796  _GLIBCXX_DEBUG_PEDASSERT(__position >= _M_ibegin()
3797  && __position < _M_iend());
3798  const size_type __pos = __position - _M_ibegin();
3799  _M_mutate(__pos, size_type(1), size_type(0));
3800  _M_rep()->_M_set_leaked();
3801  return iterator(_M_data() + __pos);
3802  }
3803 
3804  /**
3805  * @brief Remove a range of characters.
3806  * @param __first Iterator referencing the first character to remove.
3807  * @param __last Iterator referencing the end of the range.
3808  * @return Iterator referencing location of first after removal.
3809  *
3810  * Removes the characters in the range [first,last) from this string.
3811  * The value of the string doesn't change if an error is thrown.
3812  */
3813  iterator
3814  erase(iterator __first, iterator __last);
3815 
3816 #if __cplusplus >= 201103L
3817  /**
3818  * @brief Remove the last character.
3819  *
3820  * The string must be non-empty.
3821  */
3822  void
3823  pop_back() // FIXME C++11: should be noexcept.
3824  { erase(size()-1, 1); }
3825 #endif // C++11
3826 
3827  /**
3828  * @brief Replace characters with value from another string.
3829  * @param __pos Index of first character to replace.
3830  * @param __n Number of characters to be replaced.
3831  * @param __str String to insert.
3832  * @return Reference to this string.
3833  * @throw std::out_of_range If @a pos is beyond the end of this
3834  * string.
3835  * @throw std::length_error If new length exceeds @c max_size().
3836  *
3837  * Removes the characters in the range [__pos,__pos+__n) from
3838  * this string. In place, the value of @a __str is inserted.
3839  * If @a __pos is beyond end of string, out_of_range is thrown.
3840  * If the length of the result exceeds max_size(), length_error
3841  * is thrown. The value of the string doesn't change if an
3842  * error is thrown.
3843  */
3844  basic_string&
3845  replace(size_type __pos, size_type __n, const basic_string& __str)
3846  { return this->replace(__pos, __n, __str._M_data(), __str.size()); }
3847 
3848  /**
3849  * @brief Replace characters with value from another string.
3850  * @param __pos1 Index of first character to replace.
3851  * @param __n1 Number of characters to be replaced.
3852  * @param __str String to insert.
3853  * @param __pos2 Index of first character of str to use.
3854  * @param __n2 Number of characters from str to use.
3855  * @return Reference to this string.
3856  * @throw std::out_of_range If @a __pos1 > size() or @a __pos2 >
3857  * __str.size().
3858  * @throw std::length_error If new length exceeds @c max_size().
3859  *
3860  * Removes the characters in the range [__pos1,__pos1 + n) from this
3861  * string. In place, the value of @a __str is inserted. If @a __pos is
3862  * beyond end of string, out_of_range is thrown. If the length of the
3863  * result exceeds max_size(), length_error is thrown. The value of the
3864  * string doesn't change if an error is thrown.
3865  */
3866  basic_string&
3867  replace(size_type __pos1, size_type __n1, const basic_string& __str,
3868  size_type __pos2, size_type __n2)
3869  { return this->replace(__pos1, __n1, __str._M_data()
3870  + __str._M_check(__pos2, "basic_string::replace"),
3871  __str._M_limit(__pos2, __n2)); }
3872 
3873  /**
3874  * @brief Replace characters with value of a C substring.
3875  * @param __pos Index of first character to replace.
3876  * @param __n1 Number of characters to be replaced.
3877  * @param __s C string to insert.
3878  * @param __n2 Number of characters from @a s to use.
3879  * @return Reference to this string.
3880  * @throw std::out_of_range If @a pos1 > size().
3881  * @throw std::length_error If new length exceeds @c max_size().
3882  *
3883  * Removes the characters in the range [__pos,__pos + __n1)
3884  * from this string. In place, the first @a __n2 characters of
3885  * @a __s are inserted, or all of @a __s if @a __n2 is too large. If
3886  * @a __pos is beyond end of string, out_of_range is thrown. If
3887  * the length of result exceeds max_size(), length_error is
3888  * thrown. The value of the string doesn't change if an error
3889  * is thrown.
3890  */
3891  basic_string&
3892  replace(size_type __pos, size_type __n1, const _CharT* __s,
3893  size_type __n2);
3894 
3895  /**
3896  * @brief Replace characters with value of a C string.
3897  * @param __pos Index of first character to replace.
3898  * @param __n1 Number of characters to be replaced.
3899  * @param __s C string to insert.
3900  * @return Reference to this string.
3901  * @throw std::out_of_range If @a pos > size().
3902  * @throw std::length_error If new length exceeds @c max_size().
3903  *
3904  * Removes the characters in the range [__pos,__pos + __n1)
3905  * from this string. In place, the characters of @a __s are
3906  * inserted. If @a __pos is beyond end of string, out_of_range
3907  * is thrown. If the length of result exceeds max_size(),
3908  * length_error is thrown. The value of the string doesn't
3909  * change if an error is thrown.
3910  */
3911  basic_string&
3912  replace(size_type __pos, size_type __n1, const _CharT* __s)
3913  {
3914  __glibcxx_requires_string(__s);
3915  return this->replace(__pos, __n1, __s, traits_type::length(__s));
3916  }
3917 
3918  /**
3919  * @brief Replace characters with multiple characters.
3920  * @param __pos Index of first character to replace.
3921  * @param __n1 Number of characters to be replaced.
3922  * @param __n2 Number of characters to insert.
3923  * @param __c Character to insert.
3924  * @return Reference to this string.
3925  * @throw std::out_of_range If @a __pos > size().
3926  * @throw std::length_error If new length exceeds @c max_size().
3927  *
3928  * Removes the characters in the range [pos,pos + n1) from this
3929  * string. In place, @a __n2 copies of @a __c are inserted.
3930  * If @a __pos is beyond end of string, out_of_range is thrown.
3931  * If the length of result exceeds max_size(), length_error is
3932  * thrown. The value of the string doesn't change if an error
3933  * is thrown.
3934  */
3935  basic_string&
3936  replace(size_type __pos, size_type __n1, size_type __n2, _CharT __c)
3937  { return _M_replace_aux(_M_check(__pos, "basic_string::replace"),
3938  _M_limit(__pos, __n1), __n2, __c); }
3939 
3940  /**
3941  * @brief Replace range of characters with string.
3942  * @param __i1 Iterator referencing start of range to replace.
3943  * @param __i2 Iterator referencing end of range to replace.
3944  * @param __str String value to insert.
3945  * @return Reference to this string.
3946  * @throw std::length_error If new length exceeds @c max_size().
3947  *
3948  * Removes the characters in the range [__i1,__i2). In place,
3949  * the value of @a __str is inserted. If the length of result
3950  * exceeds max_size(), length_error is thrown. The value of
3951  * the string doesn't change if an error is thrown.
3952  */
3953  basic_string&
3954  replace(iterator __i1, iterator __i2, const basic_string& __str)
3955  { return this->replace(__i1, __i2, __str._M_data(), __str.size()); }
3956 
3957  /**
3958  * @brief Replace range of characters with C substring.
3959  * @param __i1 Iterator referencing start of range to replace.
3960  * @param __i2 Iterator referencing end of range to replace.
3961  * @param __s C string value to insert.
3962  * @param __n Number of characters from s to insert.
3963  * @return Reference to this string.
3964  * @throw std::length_error If new length exceeds @c max_size().
3965  *
3966  * Removes the characters in the range [__i1,__i2). In place,
3967  * the first @a __n characters of @a __s are inserted. If the
3968  * length of result exceeds max_size(), length_error is thrown.
3969  * The value of the string doesn't change if an error is
3970  * thrown.
3971  */
3972  basic_string&
3973  replace(iterator __i1, iterator __i2, const _CharT* __s, size_type __n)
3974  {
3975  _GLIBCXX_DEBUG_PEDASSERT(_M_ibegin() <= __i1 && __i1 <= __i2
3976  && __i2 <= _M_iend());
3977  return this->replace(__i1 - _M_ibegin(), __i2 - __i1, __s, __n);
3978  }
3979 
3980  /**
3981  * @brief Replace range of characters with C string.
3982  * @param __i1 Iterator referencing start of range to replace.
3983  * @param __i2 Iterator referencing end of range to replace.
3984  * @param __s C string value to insert.
3985  * @return Reference to this string.
3986  * @throw std::length_error If new length exceeds @c max_size().
3987  *
3988  * Removes the characters in the range [__i1,__i2). In place,
3989  * the characters of @a __s are inserted. If the length of
3990  * result exceeds max_size(), length_error is thrown. The
3991  * value of the string doesn't change if an error is thrown.
3992  */
3993  basic_string&
3994  replace(iterator __i1, iterator __i2, const _CharT* __s)
3995  {
3996  __glibcxx_requires_string(__s);
3997  return this->replace(__i1, __i2, __s, traits_type::length(__s));
3998  }
3999 
4000  /**
4001  * @brief Replace range of characters with multiple characters
4002  * @param __i1 Iterator referencing start of range to replace.
4003  * @param __i2 Iterator referencing end of range to replace.
4004  * @param __n Number of characters to insert.
4005  * @param __c Character to insert.
4006  * @return Reference to this string.
4007  * @throw std::length_error If new length exceeds @c max_size().
4008  *
4009  * Removes the characters in the range [__i1,__i2). In place,
4010  * @a __n copies of @a __c are inserted. If the length of
4011  * result exceeds max_size(), length_error is thrown. The
4012  * value of the string doesn't change if an error is thrown.
4013  */
4014  basic_string&
4015  replace(iterator __i1, iterator __i2, size_type __n, _CharT __c)
4016  {
4017  _GLIBCXX_DEBUG_PEDASSERT(_M_ibegin() <= __i1 && __i1 <= __i2
4018  && __i2 <= _M_iend());
4019  return _M_replace_aux(__i1 - _M_ibegin(), __i2 - __i1, __n, __c);
4020  }
4021 
4022  /**
4023  * @brief Replace range of characters with range.
4024  * @param __i1 Iterator referencing start of range to replace.
4025  * @param __i2 Iterator referencing end of range to replace.
4026  * @param __k1 Iterator referencing start of range to insert.
4027  * @param __k2 Iterator referencing end of range to insert.
4028  * @return Reference to this string.
4029  * @throw std::length_error If new length exceeds @c max_size().
4030  *
4031  * Removes the characters in the range [__i1,__i2). In place,
4032  * characters in the range [__k1,__k2) are inserted. If the
4033  * length of result exceeds max_size(), length_error is thrown.
4034  * The value of the string doesn't change if an error is
4035  * thrown.
4036  */
4037  template<class _InputIterator>
4038  basic_string&
4039  replace(iterator __i1, iterator __i2,
4040  _InputIterator __k1, _InputIterator __k2)
4041  {
4042  _GLIBCXX_DEBUG_PEDASSERT(_M_ibegin() <= __i1 && __i1 <= __i2
4043  && __i2 <= _M_iend());
4044  __glibcxx_requires_valid_range(__k1, __k2);
4045  typedef typename std::__is_integer<_InputIterator>::__type _Integral;
4046  return _M_replace_dispatch(__i1, __i2, __k1, __k2, _Integral());
4047  }
4048 
4049  // Specializations for the common case of pointer and iterator:
4050  // useful to avoid the overhead of temporary buffering in _M_replace.
4051  basic_string&
4052  replace(iterator __i1, iterator __i2, _CharT* __k1, _CharT* __k2)
4053  {
4054  _GLIBCXX_DEBUG_PEDASSERT(_M_ibegin() <= __i1 && __i1 <= __i2
4055  && __i2 <= _M_iend());
4056  __glibcxx_requires_valid_range(__k1, __k2);
4057  return this->replace(__i1 - _M_ibegin(), __i2 - __i1,
4058  __k1, __k2 - __k1);
4059  }
4060 
4061  basic_string&
4062  replace(iterator __i1, iterator __i2,
4063  const _CharT* __k1, const _CharT* __k2)
4064  {
4065  _GLIBCXX_DEBUG_PEDASSERT(_M_ibegin() <= __i1 && __i1 <= __i2
4066  && __i2 <= _M_iend());
4067  __glibcxx_requires_valid_range(__k1, __k2);
4068  return this->replace(__i1 - _M_ibegin(), __i2 - __i1,
4069  __k1, __k2 - __k1);
4070  }
4071 
4072  basic_string&
4073  replace(iterator __i1, iterator __i2, iterator __k1, iterator __k2)
4074  {
4075  _GLIBCXX_DEBUG_PEDASSERT(_M_ibegin() <= __i1 && __i1 <= __i2
4076  && __i2 <= _M_iend());
4077  __glibcxx_requires_valid_range(__k1, __k2);
4078  return this->replace(__i1 - _M_ibegin(), __i2 - __i1,
4079  __k1.base(), __k2 - __k1);
4080  }
4081 
4082  basic_string&
4083  replace(iterator __i1, iterator __i2,
4084  const_iterator __k1, const_iterator __k2)
4085  {
4086  _GLIBCXX_DEBUG_PEDASSERT(_M_ibegin() <= __i1 && __i1 <= __i2
4087  && __i2 <= _M_iend());
4088  __glibcxx_requires_valid_range(__k1, __k2);
4089  return this->replace(__i1 - _M_ibegin(), __i2 - __i1,
4090  __k1.base(), __k2 - __k1);
4091  }
4092 
4093 #if __cplusplus >= 201103L
4094  /**
4095  * @brief Replace range of characters with initializer_list.
4096  * @param __i1 Iterator referencing start of range to replace.
4097  * @param __i2 Iterator referencing end of range to replace.
4098  * @param __l The initializer_list of characters to insert.
4099  * @return Reference to this string.
4100  * @throw std::length_error If new length exceeds @c max_size().
4101  *
4102  * Removes the characters in the range [__i1,__i2). In place,
4103  * characters in the range [__k1,__k2) are inserted. If the
4104  * length of result exceeds max_size(), length_error is thrown.
4105  * The value of the string doesn't change if an error is
4106  * thrown.
4107  */
4108  basic_string& replace(iterator __i1, iterator __i2,
4110  { return this->replace(__i1, __i2, __l.begin(), __l.end()); }
4111 #endif // C++11
4112 
4113  private:
4114  template<class _Integer>
4115  basic_string&
4116  _M_replace_dispatch(iterator __i1, iterator __i2, _Integer __n,
4117  _Integer __val, __true_type)
4118  { return _M_replace_aux(__i1 - _M_ibegin(), __i2 - __i1, __n, __val); }
4119 
4120  template<class _InputIterator>
4121  basic_string&
4122  _M_replace_dispatch(iterator __i1, iterator __i2, _InputIterator __k1,
4123  _InputIterator __k2, __false_type);
4124 
4125  basic_string&
4126  _M_replace_aux(size_type __pos1, size_type __n1, size_type __n2,
4127  _CharT __c);
4128 
4129  basic_string&
4130  _M_replace_safe(size_type __pos1, size_type __n1, const _CharT* __s,
4131  size_type __n2);
4132 
4133  // _S_construct_aux is used to implement the 21.3.1 para 15 which
4134  // requires special behaviour if _InIter is an integral type
4135  template<class _InIterator>
4136  static _CharT*
4137  _S_construct_aux(_InIterator __beg, _InIterator __end,
4138  const _Alloc& __a, __false_type)
4139  {
4140  typedef typename iterator_traits<_InIterator>::iterator_category _Tag;
4141  return _S_construct(__beg, __end, __a, _Tag());
4142  }
4143 
4144  // _GLIBCXX_RESOLVE_LIB_DEFECTS
4145  // 438. Ambiguity in the "do the right thing" clause
4146  template<class _Integer>
4147  static _CharT*
4148  _S_construct_aux(_Integer __beg, _Integer __end,
4149  const _Alloc& __a, __true_type)
4150  { return _S_construct_aux_2(static_cast<size_type>(__beg),
4151  __end, __a); }
4152 
4153  static _CharT*
4154  _S_construct_aux_2(size_type __req, _CharT __c, const _Alloc& __a)
4155  { return _S_construct(__req, __c, __a); }
4156 
4157  template<class _InIterator>
4158  static _CharT*
4159  _S_construct(_InIterator __beg, _InIterator __end, const _Alloc& __a)
4160  {
4161  typedef typename std::__is_integer<_InIterator>::__type _Integral;
4162  return _S_construct_aux(__beg, __end, __a, _Integral());
4163  }
4164 
4165  // For Input Iterators, used in istreambuf_iterators, etc.
4166  template<class _InIterator>
4167  static _CharT*
4168  _S_construct(_InIterator __beg, _InIterator __end, const _Alloc& __a,
4170 
4171  // For forward_iterators up to random_access_iterators, used for
4172  // string::iterator, _CharT*, etc.
4173  template<class _FwdIterator>
4174  static _CharT*
4175  _S_construct(_FwdIterator __beg, _FwdIterator __end, const _Alloc& __a,
4177 
4178  static _CharT*
4179  _S_construct(size_type __req, _CharT __c, const _Alloc& __a);
4180 
4181  public:
4182 
4183  /**
4184  * @brief Copy substring into C string.
4185  * @param __s C string to copy value into.
4186  * @param __n Number of characters to copy.
4187  * @param __pos Index of first character to copy.
4188  * @return Number of characters actually copied
4189  * @throw std::out_of_range If __pos > size().
4190  *
4191  * Copies up to @a __n characters starting at @a __pos into the
4192  * C string @a __s. If @a __pos is %greater than size(),
4193  * out_of_range is thrown.
4194  */
4195  size_type
4196  copy(_CharT* __s, size_type __n, size_type __pos = 0) const;
4197 
4198  /**
4199  * @brief Swap contents with another string.
4200  * @param __s String to swap with.
4201  *
4202  * Exchanges the contents of this string with that of @a __s in constant
4203  * time.
4204  */
4205  // PR 58265, this should be noexcept.
4206  void
4207  swap(basic_string& __s);
4208 
4209  // String operations:
4210  /**
4211  * @brief Return const pointer to null-terminated contents.
4212  *
4213  * This is a handle to internal data. Do not modify or dire things may
4214  * happen.
4215  */
4216  const _CharT*
4217  c_str() const _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
4218  { return _M_data(); }
4219 
4220  /**
4221  * @brief Return const pointer to contents.
4222  *
4223  * This is a handle to internal data. Do not modify or dire things may
4224  * happen.
4225  */
4226  const _CharT*
4227  data() const _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
4228  { return _M_data(); }
4229 
4230  /**
4231  * @brief Return copy of allocator used to construct this string.
4232  */
4233  allocator_type
4234  get_allocator() const _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
4235  { return _M_dataplus; }
4236 
4237  /**
4238  * @brief Find position of a C substring.
4239  * @param __s C string to locate.
4240  * @param __pos Index of character to search from.
4241  * @param __n Number of characters from @a s to search for.
4242  * @return Index of start of first occurrence.
4243  *
4244  * Starting from @a __pos, searches forward for the first @a
4245  * __n characters in @a __s within this string. If found,
4246  * returns the index where it begins. If not found, returns
4247  * npos.
4248  */
4249  size_type
4250  find(const _CharT* __s, size_type __pos, size_type __n) const;
4251 
4252  /**
4253  * @brief Find position of a string.
4254  * @param __str String to locate.
4255  * @param __pos Index of character to search from (default 0).
4256  * @return Index of start of first occurrence.
4257  *
4258  * Starting from @a __pos, searches forward for value of @a __str within
4259  * this string. If found, returns the index where it begins. If not
4260  * found, returns npos.
4261  */
4262  size_type
4263  find(const basic_string& __str, size_type __pos = 0) const
4264  _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
4265  { return this->find(__str.data(), __pos, __str.size()); }
4266 
4267  /**
4268  * @brief Find position of a C string.
4269  * @param __s C string to locate.
4270  * @param __pos Index of character to search from (default 0).
4271  * @return Index of start of first occurrence.
4272  *
4273  * Starting from @a __pos, searches forward for the value of @a
4274  * __s within this string. If found, returns the index where
4275  * it begins. If not found, returns npos.
4276  */
4277  size_type
4278  find(const _CharT* __s, size_type __pos = 0) const
4279  {
4280  __glibcxx_requires_string(__s);
4281  return this->find(__s, __pos, traits_type::length(__s));
4282  }
4283 
4284  /**
4285  * @brief Find position of a character.
4286  * @param __c Character to locate.
4287  * @param __pos Index of character to search from (default 0).
4288  * @return Index of first occurrence.
4289  *
4290  * Starting from @a __pos, searches forward for @a __c within
4291  * this string. If found, returns the index where it was
4292  * found. If not found, returns npos.
4293  */
4294  size_type
4295  find(_CharT __c, size_type __pos = 0) const _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT;
4296 
4297  /**
4298  * @brief Find last position of a string.
4299  * @param __str String to locate.
4300  * @param __pos Index of character to search back from (default end).
4301  * @return Index of start of last occurrence.
4302  *
4303  * Starting from @a __pos, searches backward for value of @a
4304  * __str within this string. If found, returns the index where
4305  * it begins. If not found, returns npos.
4306  */
4307  size_type
4308  rfind(const basic_string& __str, size_type __pos = npos) const
4309  _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
4310  { return this->rfind(__str.data(), __pos, __str.size()); }
4311 
4312  /**
4313  * @brief Find last position of a C substring.
4314  * @param __s C string to locate.
4315  * @param __pos Index of character to search back from.
4316  * @param __n Number of characters from s to search for.
4317  * @return Index of start of last occurrence.
4318  *
4319  * Starting from @a __pos, searches backward for the first @a
4320  * __n characters in @a __s within this string. If found,
4321  * returns the index where it begins. If not found, returns
4322  * npos.
4323  */
4324  size_type
4325  rfind(const _CharT* __s, size_type __pos, size_type __n) const;
4326 
4327  /**
4328  * @brief Find last position of a C string.
4329  * @param __s C string to locate.
4330  * @param __pos Index of character to start search at (default end).
4331  * @return Index of start of last occurrence.
4332  *
4333  * Starting from @a __pos, searches backward for the value of
4334  * @a __s within this string. If found, returns the index
4335  * where it begins. If not found, returns npos.
4336  */
4337  size_type
4338  rfind(const _CharT* __s, size_type __pos = npos) const
4339  {
4340  __glibcxx_requires_string(__s);
4341  return this->rfind(__s, __pos, traits_type::length(__s));
4342  }
4343 
4344  /**
4345  * @brief Find last position of a character.
4346  * @param __c Character to locate.
4347  * @param __pos Index of character to search back from (default end).
4348  * @return Index of last occurrence.
4349  *
4350  * Starting from @a __pos, searches backward for @a __c within
4351  * this string. If found, returns the index where it was
4352  * found. If not found, returns npos.
4353  */
4354  size_type
4355  rfind(_CharT __c, size_type __pos = npos) const _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT;
4356 
4357  /**
4358  * @brief Find position of a character of string.
4359  * @param __str String containing characters to locate.
4360  * @param __pos Index of character to search from (default 0).
4361  * @return Index of first occurrence.
4362  *
4363  * Starting from @a __pos, searches forward for one of the
4364  * characters of @a __str within this string. If found,
4365  * returns the index where it was found. If not found, returns
4366  * npos.
4367  */
4368  size_type
4369  find_first_of(const basic_string& __str, size_type __pos = 0) const
4370  _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
4371  { return this->find_first_of(__str.data(), __pos, __str.size()); }
4372 
4373  /**
4374  * @brief Find position of a character of C substring.
4375  * @param __s String containing characters to locate.
4376  * @param __pos Index of character to search from.
4377  * @param __n Number of characters from s to search for.
4378  * @return Index of first occurrence.
4379  *
4380  * Starting from @a __pos, searches forward for one of the
4381  * first @a __n characters of @a __s within this string. If
4382  * found, returns the index where it was found. If not found,
4383  * returns npos.
4384  */
4385  size_type
4386  find_first_of(const _CharT* __s, size_type __pos, size_type __n) const;
4387 
4388  /**
4389  * @brief Find position of a character of C string.
4390  * @param __s String containing characters to locate.
4391  * @param __pos Index of character to search from (default 0).
4392  * @return Index of first occurrence.
4393  *
4394  * Starting from @a __pos, searches forward for one of the
4395  * characters of @a __s within this string. If found, returns
4396  * the index where it was found. If not found, returns npos.
4397  */
4398  size_type
4399  find_first_of(const _CharT* __s, size_type __pos = 0) const
4400  {
4401  __glibcxx_requires_string(__s);
4402  return this->find_first_of(__s, __pos, traits_type::length(__s));
4403  }
4404 
4405  /**
4406  * @brief Find position of a character.
4407  * @param __c Character to locate.
4408  * @param __pos Index of character to search from (default 0).
4409  * @return Index of first occurrence.
4410  *
4411  * Starting from @a __pos, searches forward for the character
4412  * @a __c within this string. If found, returns the index
4413  * where it was found. If not found, returns npos.
4414  *
4415  * Note: equivalent to find(__c, __pos).
4416  */
4417  size_type
4418  find_first_of(_CharT __c, size_type __pos = 0) const _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
4419  { return this->find(__c, __pos); }
4420 
4421  /**
4422  * @brief Find last position of a character of string.
4423  * @param __str String containing characters to locate.
4424  * @param __pos Index of character to search back from (default end).
4425  * @return Index of last occurrence.
4426  *
4427  * Starting from @a __pos, searches backward for one of the
4428  * characters of @a __str within this string. If found,
4429  * returns the index where it was found. If not found, returns
4430  * npos.
4431  */
4432  size_type
4433  find_last_of(const basic_string& __str, size_type __pos = npos) const
4434  _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
4435  { return this->find_last_of(__str.data(), __pos, __str.size()); }
4436 
4437  /**
4438  * @brief Find last position of a character of C substring.
4439  * @param __s C string containing characters to locate.
4440  * @param __pos Index of character to search back from.
4441  * @param __n Number of characters from s to search for.
4442  * @return Index of last occurrence.
4443  *
4444  * Starting from @a __pos, searches backward for one of the
4445  * first @a __n characters of @a __s within this string. If
4446  * found, returns the index where it was found. If not found,
4447  * returns npos.
4448  */
4449  size_type
4450  find_last_of(const _CharT* __s, size_type __pos, size_type __n) const;
4451 
4452  /**
4453  * @brief Find last position of a character of C string.
4454  * @param __s C string containing characters to locate.
4455  * @param __pos Index of character to search back from (default end).
4456  * @return Index of last occurrence.
4457  *
4458  * Starting from @a __pos, searches backward for one of the
4459  * characters of @a __s within this string. If found, returns
4460  * the index where it was found. If not found, returns npos.
4461  */
4462  size_type
4463  find_last_of(const _CharT* __s, size_type __pos = npos) const
4464  {
4465  __glibcxx_requires_string(__s);
4466  return this->find_last_of(__s, __pos, traits_type::length(__s));
4467  }
4468 
4469  /**
4470  * @brief Find last position of a character.
4471  * @param __c Character to locate.
4472  * @param __pos Index of character to search back from (default end).
4473  * @return Index of last occurrence.
4474  *
4475  * Starting from @a __pos, searches backward for @a __c within
4476  * this string. If found, returns the index where it was
4477  * found. If not found, returns npos.
4478  *
4479  * Note: equivalent to rfind(__c, __pos).
4480  */
4481  size_type
4482  find_last_of(_CharT __c, size_type __pos = npos) const _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
4483  { return this->rfind(__c, __pos); }
4484 
4485  /**
4486  * @brief Find position of a character not in string.
4487  * @param __str String containing characters to avoid.
4488  * @param __pos Index of character to search from (default 0).
4489  * @return Index of first occurrence.
4490  *
4491  * Starting from @a __pos, searches forward for a character not contained
4492  * in @a __str within this string. If found, returns the index where it
4493  * was found. If not found, returns npos.
4494  */
4495  size_type
4496  find_first_not_of(const basic_string& __str, size_type __pos = 0) const
4497  _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
4498  { return this->find_first_not_of(__str.data(), __pos, __str.size()); }
4499 
4500  /**
4501  * @brief Find position of a character not in C substring.
4502  * @param __s C string containing characters to avoid.
4503  * @param __pos Index of character to search from.
4504  * @param __n Number of characters from __s to consider.
4505  * @return Index of first occurrence.
4506  *
4507  * Starting from @a __pos, searches forward for a character not
4508  * contained in the first @a __n characters of @a __s within
4509  * this string. If found, returns the index where it was
4510  * found. If not found, returns npos.
4511  */
4512  size_type
4513  find_first_not_of(const _CharT* __s, size_type __pos,
4514  size_type __n) const;
4515 
4516  /**
4517  * @brief Find position of a character not in C string.
4518  * @param __s C string containing characters to avoid.
4519  * @param __pos Index of character to search from (default 0).
4520  * @return Index of first occurrence.
4521  *
4522  * Starting from @a __pos, searches forward for a character not
4523  * contained in @a __s within this string. If found, returns
4524  * the index where it was found. If not found, returns npos.
4525  */
4526  size_type
4527  find_first_not_of(const _CharT* __s, size_type __pos = 0) const
4528  {
4529  __glibcxx_requires_string(__s);
4530  return this->find_first_not_of(__s, __pos, traits_type::length(__s));
4531  }
4532 
4533  /**
4534  * @brief Find position of a different character.
4535  * @param __c Character to avoid.
4536  * @param __pos Index of character to search from (default 0).
4537  * @return Index of first occurrence.
4538  *
4539  * Starting from @a __pos, searches forward for a character
4540  * other than @a __c within this string. If found, returns the
4541  * index where it was found. If not found, returns npos.
4542  */
4543  size_type
4544  find_first_not_of(_CharT __c, size_type __pos = 0) const
4545  _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT;
4546 
4547  /**
4548  * @brief Find last position of a character not in string.
4549  * @param __str String containing characters to avoid.
4550  * @param __pos Index of character to search back from (default end).
4551  * @return Index of last occurrence.
4552  *
4553  * Starting from @a __pos, searches backward for a character
4554  * not contained in @a __str within this string. If found,
4555  * returns the index where it was found. If not found, returns
4556  * npos.
4557  */
4558  size_type
4559  find_last_not_of(const basic_string& __str, size_type __pos = npos) const
4560  _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
4561  { return this->find_last_not_of(__str.data(), __pos, __str.size()); }
4562 
4563  /**
4564  * @brief Find last position of a character not in C substring.
4565  * @param __s C string containing characters to avoid.
4566  * @param __pos Index of character to search back from.
4567  * @param __n Number of characters from s to consider.
4568  * @return Index of last occurrence.
4569  *
4570  * Starting from @a __pos, searches backward for a character not
4571  * contained in the first @a __n characters of @a __s within this string.
4572  * If found, returns the index where it was found. If not found,
4573  * returns npos.
4574  */
4575  size_type
4576  find_last_not_of(const _CharT* __s, size_type __pos,
4577  size_type __n) const;
4578  /**
4579  * @brief Find last position of a character not in C string.
4580  * @param __s C string containing characters to avoid.
4581  * @param __pos Index of character to search back from (default end).
4582  * @return Index of last occurrence.
4583  *
4584  * Starting from @a __pos, searches backward for a character
4585  * not contained in @a __s within this string. If found,
4586  * returns the index where it was found. If not found, returns
4587  * npos.
4588  */
4589  size_type
4590  find_last_not_of(const _CharT* __s, size_type __pos = npos) const
4591  {
4592  __glibcxx_requires_string(__s);
4593  return this->find_last_not_of(__s, __pos, traits_type::length(__s));
4594  }
4595 
4596  /**
4597  * @brief Find last position of a different character.
4598  * @param __c Character to avoid.
4599  * @param __pos Index of character to search back from (default end).
4600  * @return Index of last occurrence.
4601  *
4602  * Starting from @a __pos, searches backward for a character other than
4603  * @a __c within this string. If found, returns the index where it was
4604  * found. If not found, returns npos.
4605  */
4606  size_type
4607  find_last_not_of(_CharT __c, size_type __pos = npos) const
4608  _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT;
4609 
4610  /**
4611  * @brief Get a substring.
4612  * @param __pos Index of first character (default 0).
4613  * @param __n Number of characters in substring (default remainder).
4614  * @return The new string.
4615  * @throw std::out_of_range If __pos > size().
4616  *
4617  * Construct and return a new string using the @a __n
4618  * characters starting at @a __pos. If the string is too
4619  * short, use the remainder of the characters. If @a __pos is
4620  * beyond the end of the string, out_of_range is thrown.
4621  */
4622  basic_string
4623  substr(size_type __pos = 0, size_type __n = npos) const
4624  { return basic_string(*this,
4625  _M_check(__pos, "basic_string::substr"), __n); }
4626 
4627  /**
4628  * @brief Compare to a string.
4629  * @param __str String to compare against.
4630  * @return Integer < 0, 0, or > 0.
4631  *
4632  * Returns an integer < 0 if this string is ordered before @a
4633  * __str, 0 if their values are equivalent, or > 0 if this
4634  * string is ordered after @a __str. Determines the effective
4635  * length rlen of the strings to compare as the smallest of
4636  * size() and str.size(). The function then compares the two
4637  * strings by calling traits::compare(data(), str.data(),rlen).
4638  * If the result of the comparison is nonzero returns it,
4639  * otherwise the shorter one is ordered first.
4640  */
4641  int
4642  compare(const basic_string& __str) const
4643  {
4644  const size_type __size = this->size();
4645  const size_type __osize = __str.size();
4646  const size_type __len = std::min(__size, __osize);
4647 
4648  int __r = traits_type::compare(_M_data(), __str.data(), __len);
4649  if (!__r)
4650  __r = _S_compare(__size, __osize);
4651  return __r;
4652  }
4653 
4654  /**
4655  * @brief Compare substring to a string.
4656  * @param __pos Index of first character of substring.
4657  * @param __n Number of characters in substring.
4658  * @param __str String to compare against.
4659  * @return Integer < 0, 0, or > 0.
4660  *
4661  * Form the substring of this string from the @a __n characters
4662  * starting at @a __pos. Returns an integer < 0 if the
4663  * substring is ordered before @a __str, 0 if their values are
4664  * equivalent, or > 0 if the substring is ordered after @a
4665  * __str. Determines the effective length rlen of the strings
4666  * to compare as the smallest of the length of the substring
4667  * and @a __str.size(). The function then compares the two
4668  * strings by calling
4669  * traits::compare(substring.data(),str.data(),rlen). If the
4670  * result of the comparison is nonzero returns it, otherwise
4671  * the shorter one is ordered first.
4672  */
4673  int
4674  compare(size_type __pos, size_type __n, const basic_string& __str) const;
4675 
4676  /**
4677  * @brief Compare substring to a substring.
4678  * @param __pos1 Index of first character of substring.
4679  * @param __n1 Number of characters in substring.
4680  * @param __str String to compare against.
4681  * @param __pos2 Index of first character of substring of str.
4682  * @param __n2 Number of characters in substring of str.
4683  * @return Integer < 0, 0, or > 0.
4684  *
4685  * Form the substring of this string from the @a __n1
4686  * characters starting at @a __pos1. Form the substring of @a
4687  * __str from the @a __n2 characters starting at @a __pos2.
4688  * Returns an integer < 0 if this substring is ordered before
4689  * the substring of @a __str, 0 if their values are equivalent,
4690  * or > 0 if this substring is ordered after the substring of
4691  * @a __str. Determines the effective length rlen of the
4692  * strings to compare as the smallest of the lengths of the
4693  * substrings. The function then compares the two strings by
4694  * calling
4695  * traits::compare(substring.data(),str.substr(pos2,n2).data(),rlen).
4696  * If the result of the comparison is nonzero returns it,
4697  * otherwise the shorter one is ordered first.
4698  */
4699  int
4700  compare(size_type __pos1, size_type __n1, const basic_string& __str,
4701  size_type __pos2, size_type __n2) const;
4702 
4703  /**
4704  * @brief Compare to a C string.
4705  * @param __s C string to compare against.
4706  * @return Integer < 0, 0, or > 0.
4707  *
4708  * Returns an integer < 0 if this string is ordered before @a __s, 0 if
4709  * their values are equivalent, or > 0 if this string is ordered after
4710  * @a __s. Determines the effective length rlen of the strings to
4711  * compare as the smallest of size() and the length of a string
4712  * constructed from @a __s. The function then compares the two strings
4713  * by calling traits::compare(data(),s,rlen). If the result of the
4714  * comparison is nonzero returns it, otherwise the shorter one is
4715  * ordered first.
4716  */
4717  int
4718  compare(const _CharT* __s) const;
4719 
4720  // _GLIBCXX_RESOLVE_LIB_DEFECTS
4721  // 5 String::compare specification questionable
4722  /**
4723  * @brief Compare substring to a C string.
4724  * @param __pos Index of first character of substring.
4725  * @param __n1 Number of characters in substring.
4726  * @param __s C string to compare against.
4727  * @return Integer < 0, 0, or > 0.
4728  *
4729  * Form the substring of this string from the @a __n1
4730  * characters starting at @a pos. Returns an integer < 0 if
4731  * the substring is ordered before @a __s, 0 if their values
4732  * are equivalent, or > 0 if the substring is ordered after @a
4733  * __s. Determines the effective length rlen of the strings to
4734  * compare as the smallest of the length of the substring and
4735  * the length of a string constructed from @a __s. The
4736  * function then compares the two string by calling
4737  * traits::compare(substring.data(),__s,rlen). If the result of
4738  * the comparison is nonzero returns it, otherwise the shorter
4739  * one is ordered first.
4740  */
4741  int
4742  compare(size_type __pos, size_type __n1, const _CharT* __s) const;
4743 
4744  /**
4745  * @brief Compare substring against a character %array.
4746  * @param __pos Index of first character of substring.
4747  * @param __n1 Number of characters in substring.
4748  * @param __s character %array to compare against.
4749  * @param __n2 Number of characters of s.
4750  * @return Integer < 0, 0, or > 0.
4751  *
4752  * Form the substring of this string from the @a __n1
4753  * characters starting at @a __pos. Form a string from the
4754  * first @a __n2 characters of @a __s. Returns an integer < 0
4755  * if this substring is ordered before the string from @a __s,
4756  * 0 if their values are equivalent, or > 0 if this substring
4757  * is ordered after the string from @a __s. Determines the
4758  * effective length rlen of the strings to compare as the
4759  * smallest of the length of the substring and @a __n2. The
4760  * function then compares the two strings by calling
4761  * traits::compare(substring.data(),s,rlen). If the result of
4762  * the comparison is nonzero returns it, otherwise the shorter
4763  * one is ordered first.
4764  *
4765  * NB: s must have at least n2 characters, &apos;\\0&apos; has
4766  * no special meaning.
4767  */
4768  int
4769  compare(size_type __pos, size_type __n1, const _CharT* __s,
4770  size_type __n2) const;
4771  };
4772 #endif // !_GLIBCXX_USE_CXX11_ABI
4773 
4774  // operator+
4775  /**
4776  * @brief Concatenate two strings.
4777  * @param __lhs First string.
4778  * @param __rhs Last string.
4779  * @return New string with value of @a __lhs followed by @a __rhs.
4780  */
4781  template<typename _CharT, typename _Traits, typename _Alloc>
4785  {
4787  __str.append(__rhs);
4788  return __str;
4789  }
4790 
4791  /**
4792  * @brief Concatenate C string and string.
4793  * @param __lhs First string.
4794  * @param __rhs Last string.
4795  * @return New string with value of @a __lhs followed by @a __rhs.
4796  */
4797  template<typename _CharT, typename _Traits, typename _Alloc>
4799  operator+(const _CharT* __lhs,
4801 
4802  /**
4803  * @brief Concatenate character and string.
4804  * @param __lhs First string.
4805  * @param __rhs Last string.
4806  * @return New string with @a __lhs followed by @a __rhs.
4807  */
4808  template<typename _CharT, typename _Traits, typename _Alloc>
4810  operator+(_CharT __lhs, const basic_string<_CharT,_Traits,_Alloc>& __rhs);
4811 
4812  /**
4813  * @brief Concatenate string and C string.
4814  * @param __lhs First string.
4815  * @param __rhs Last string.
4816  * @return New string with @a __lhs followed by @a __rhs.
4817  */
4818  template<typename _CharT, typename _Traits, typename _Alloc>
4821  const _CharT* __rhs)
4822  {
4824  __str.append(__rhs);
4825  return __str;
4826  }
4827 
4828  /**
4829  * @brief Concatenate string and character.
4830  * @param __lhs First string.
4831  * @param __rhs Last string.
4832  * @return New string with @a __lhs followed by @a __rhs.
4833  */
4834  template<typename _CharT, typename _Traits, typename _Alloc>
4837  {
4838  typedef basic_string<_CharT, _Traits, _Alloc> __string_type;
4839  typedef typename __string_type::size_type __size_type;
4840  __string_type __str(__lhs);
4841  __str.append(__size_type(1), __rhs);
4842  return __str;
4843  }
4844 
4845 #if __cplusplus >= 201103L
4846  template<typename _CharT, typename _Traits, typename _Alloc>
4850  { return std::move(__lhs.append(__rhs)); }
4851 
4852  template<typename _CharT, typename _Traits, typename _Alloc>
4856  { return std::move(__rhs.insert(0, __lhs)); }
4857 
4858  template<typename _CharT, typename _Traits, typename _Alloc>
4862  {
4863  const auto __size = __lhs.size() + __rhs.size();
4864  const bool __cond = (__size > __lhs.capacity()
4865  && __size <= __rhs.capacity());
4866  return __cond ? std::move(__rhs.insert(0, __lhs))
4867  : std::move(__lhs.append(__rhs));
4868  }
4869 
4870  template<typename _CharT, typename _Traits, typename _Alloc>
4872  operator+(const _CharT* __lhs,
4874  { return std::move(__rhs.insert(0, __lhs)); }
4875 
4876  template<typename _CharT, typename _Traits, typename _Alloc>
4878  operator+(_CharT __lhs,
4880  { return std::move(__rhs.insert(0, 1, __lhs)); }
4881 
4882  template<typename _CharT, typename _Traits, typename _Alloc>
4885  const _CharT* __rhs)
4886  { return std::move(__lhs.append(__rhs)); }
4887 
4888  template<typename _CharT, typename _Traits, typename _Alloc>
4891  _CharT __rhs)
4892  { return std::move(__lhs.append(1, __rhs)); }
4893 #endif
4894 
4895  // operator ==
4896  /**
4897  * @brief Test equivalence of two strings.
4898  * @param __lhs First string.
4899  * @param __rhs Second string.
4900  * @return True if @a __lhs.compare(@a __rhs) == 0. False otherwise.
4901  */
4902  template<typename _CharT, typename _Traits, typename _Alloc>
4903  inline bool
4904  operator==(const basic_string<_CharT, _Traits, _Alloc>& __lhs,
4906  { return __lhs.compare(__rhs) == 0; }
4907 
4908  template<typename _CharT>
4909  inline
4910  typename __gnu_cxx::__enable_if<__is_char<_CharT>::__value, bool>::__type
4911  operator==(const basic_string<_CharT>& __lhs,
4912  const basic_string<_CharT>& __rhs)
4913  { return (__lhs.size() == __rhs.size()
4914  && !std::char_traits<_CharT>::compare(__lhs.data(), __rhs.data(),
4915  __lhs.size())); }
4916 
4917  /**
4918  * @brief Test equivalence of C string and string.
4919  * @param __lhs C string.
4920  * @param __rhs String.
4921  * @return True if @a __rhs.compare(@a __lhs) == 0. False otherwise.
4922  */
4923  template<typename _CharT, typename _Traits, typename _Alloc>
4924  inline bool
4925  operator==(const _CharT* __lhs,
4927  { return __rhs.compare(__lhs) == 0; }
4928 
4929  /**
4930  * @brief Test equivalence of string and C string.
4931  * @param __lhs String.
4932  * @param __rhs C string.
4933  * @return True if @a __lhs.compare(@a __rhs) == 0. False otherwise.
4934  */
4935  template<typename _CharT, typename _Traits, typename _Alloc>
4936  inline bool
4937  operator==(const basic_string<_CharT, _Traits, _Alloc>& __lhs,
4938  const _CharT* __rhs)
4939  { return __lhs.compare(__rhs) == 0; }
4940 
4941  // operator !=
4942  /**
4943  * @brief Test difference of two strings.
4944  * @param __lhs First string.
4945  * @param __rhs Second string.
4946  * @return True if @a __lhs.compare(@a __rhs) != 0. False otherwise.
4947  */
4948  template<typename _CharT, typename _Traits, typename _Alloc>
4949  inline bool
4950  operator!=(const basic_string<_CharT, _Traits, _Alloc>& __lhs,
4952  { return !(__lhs == __rhs); }
4953 
4954  /**
4955  * @brief Test difference of C string and string.
4956  * @param __lhs C string.
4957  * @param __rhs String.
4958  * @return True if @a __rhs.compare(@a __lhs) != 0. False otherwise.
4959  */
4960  template<typename _CharT, typename _Traits, typename _Alloc>
4961  inline bool
4962  operator!=(const _CharT* __lhs,
4964  { return !(__lhs == __rhs); }
4965 
4966  /**
4967  * @brief Test difference of string and C string.
4968  * @param __lhs String.
4969  * @param __rhs C string.
4970  * @return True if @a __lhs.compare(@a __rhs) != 0. False otherwise.
4971  */
4972  template<typename _CharT, typename _Traits, typename _Alloc>
4973  inline bool
4974  operator!=(const basic_string<_CharT, _Traits, _Alloc>& __lhs,
4975  const _CharT* __rhs)
4976  { return !(__lhs == __rhs); }
4977 
4978  // operator <
4979  /**
4980  * @brief Test if string precedes string.
4981  * @param __lhs First string.
4982  * @param __rhs Second string.
4983  * @return True if @a __lhs precedes @a __rhs. False otherwise.
4984  */
4985  template<typename _CharT, typename _Traits, typename _Alloc>
4986  inline bool
4987  operator<(const basic_string<_CharT, _Traits, _Alloc>& __lhs,
4989  { return __lhs.compare(__rhs) < 0; }
4990 
4991  /**
4992  * @brief Test if string precedes C string.
4993  * @param __lhs String.
4994  * @param __rhs C string.
4995  * @return True if @a __lhs precedes @a __rhs. False otherwise.
4996  */
4997  template<typename _CharT, typename _Traits, typename _Alloc>
4998  inline bool
4999  operator<(const basic_string<_CharT, _Traits, _Alloc>& __lhs,
5000  const _CharT* __rhs)
5001  { return __lhs.compare(__rhs) < 0; }
5002 
5003  /**
5004  * @brief Test if C string precedes string.
5005  * @param __lhs C string.
5006  * @param __rhs String.
5007  * @return True if @a __lhs precedes @a __rhs. False otherwise.
5008  */
5009  template<typename _CharT, typename _Traits, typename _Alloc>
5010  inline bool
5011  operator<(const _CharT* __lhs,
5013  { return __rhs.compare(__lhs) > 0; }
5014 
5015  // operator >
5016  /**
5017  * @brief Test if string follows string.
5018  * @param __lhs First string.
5019  * @param __rhs Second string.
5020  * @return True if @a __lhs follows @a __rhs. False otherwise.
5021  */
5022  template<typename _CharT, typename _Traits, typename _Alloc>
5023  inline bool
5026  { return __lhs.compare(__rhs) > 0; }
5027 
5028  /**
5029  * @brief Test if string follows C string.
5030  * @param __lhs String.
5031  * @param __rhs C string.
5032  * @return True if @a __lhs follows @a __rhs. False otherwise.
5033  */
5034  template<typename _CharT, typename _Traits, typename _Alloc>
5035  inline bool
5037  const _CharT* __rhs)
5038  { return __lhs.compare(__rhs) > 0; }
5039 
5040  /**
5041  * @brief Test if C string follows string.
5042  * @param __lhs C string.
5043  * @param __rhs String.
5044  * @return True if @a __lhs follows @a __rhs. False otherwise.
5045  */
5046  template<typename _CharT, typename _Traits, typename _Alloc>
5047  inline bool
5048  operator>(const _CharT* __lhs,
5050  { return __rhs.compare(__lhs) < 0; }
5051 
5052  // operator <=
5053  /**
5054  * @brief Test if string doesn't follow string.
5055  * @param __lhs First string.
5056  * @param __rhs Second string.
5057  * @return True if @a __lhs doesn't follow @a __rhs. False otherwise.
5058  */
5059  template<typename _CharT, typename _Traits, typename _Alloc>
5060  inline bool
5061  operator<=(const basic_string<_CharT, _Traits, _Alloc>& __lhs,
5063  { return __lhs.compare(__rhs) <= 0; }
5064 
5065  /**
5066  * @brief Test if string doesn't follow C string.
5067  * @param __lhs String.
5068  * @param __rhs C string.
5069  * @return True if @a __lhs doesn't follow @a __rhs. False otherwise.
5070  */
5071  template<typename _CharT, typename _Traits, typename _Alloc>
5072  inline bool
5073  operator<=(const basic_string<_CharT, _Traits, _Alloc>& __lhs,
5074  const _CharT* __rhs)
5075  { return __lhs.compare(__rhs) <= 0; }
5076 
5077  /**
5078  * @brief Test if C string doesn't follow string.
5079  * @param __lhs C string.
5080  * @param __rhs String.
5081  * @return True if @a __lhs doesn't follow @a __rhs. False otherwise.
5082  */
5083  template<typename _CharT, typename _Traits, typename _Alloc>
5084  inline bool
5085  operator<=(const _CharT* __lhs,
5087  { return __rhs.compare(__lhs) >= 0; }
5088 
5089  // operator >=
5090  /**
5091  * @brief Test if string doesn't precede string.
5092  * @param __lhs First string.
5093  * @param __rhs Second string.
5094  * @return True if @a __lhs doesn't precede @a __rhs. False otherwise.
5095  */
5096  template<typename _CharT, typename _Traits, typename _Alloc>
5097  inline bool
5098  operator>=(const basic_string<_CharT, _Traits, _Alloc>& __lhs,
5100  { return __lhs.compare(__rhs) >= 0; }
5101 
5102  /**
5103  * @brief Test if string doesn't precede C string.
5104  * @param __lhs String.
5105  * @param __rhs C string.
5106  * @return True if @a __lhs doesn't precede @a __rhs. False otherwise.
5107  */
5108  template<typename _CharT, typename _Traits, typename _Alloc>
5109  inline bool
5110  operator>=(const basic_string<_CharT, _Traits, _Alloc>& __lhs,
5111  const _CharT* __rhs)
5112  { return __lhs.compare(__rhs) >= 0; }
5113 
5114  /**
5115  * @brief Test if C string doesn't precede string.
5116  * @param __lhs C string.
5117  * @param __rhs String.
5118  * @return True if @a __lhs doesn't precede @a __rhs. False otherwise.
5119  */
5120  template<typename _CharT, typename _Traits, typename _Alloc>
5121  inline bool
5122  operator>=(const _CharT* __lhs,
5124  { return __rhs.compare(__lhs) <= 0; }
5125 
5126  /**
5127  * @brief Swap contents of two strings.
5128  * @param __lhs First string.
5129  * @param __rhs Second string.
5130  *
5131  * Exchanges the contents of @a __lhs and @a __rhs in constant time.
5132  */
5133  template<typename _CharT, typename _Traits, typename _Alloc>
5134  inline void
5137  { __lhs.swap(__rhs); }
5138 
5139 
5140  /**
5141  * @brief Read stream into a string.
5142  * @param __is Input stream.
5143  * @param __str Buffer to store into.
5144  * @return Reference to the input stream.
5145  *
5146  * Stores characters from @a __is into @a __str until whitespace is
5147  * found, the end of the stream is encountered, or str.max_size()
5148  * is reached. If is.width() is non-zero, that is the limit on the
5149  * number of characters stored into @a __str. Any previous
5150  * contents of @a __str are erased.
5151  */
5152  template<typename _CharT, typename _Traits, typename _Alloc>
5156 
5157  template<>
5160 
5161  /**
5162  * @brief Write string to a stream.
5163  * @param __os Output stream.
5164  * @param __str String to write out.
5165  * @return Reference to the output stream.
5166  *
5167  * Output characters of @a __str into os following the same rules as for
5168  * writing a C string.
5169  */
5170  template<typename _CharT, typename _Traits, typename _Alloc>
5172  operator<<(basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>& __os,
5174  {
5175  // _GLIBCXX_RESOLVE_LIB_DEFECTS
5176  // 586. string inserter not a formatted function
5177  return __ostream_insert(__os, __str.data(), __str.size());
5178  }
5179 
5180  /**
5181  * @brief Read a line from stream into a string.
5182  * @param __is Input stream.
5183  * @param __str Buffer to store into.
5184  * @param __delim Character marking end of line.
5185  * @return Reference to the input stream.
5186  *
5187  * Stores characters from @a __is into @a __str until @a __delim is
5188  * found, the end of the stream is encountered, or str.max_size()
5189  * is reached. Any previous contents of @a __str are erased. If
5190  * @a __delim is encountered, it is extracted but not stored into
5191  * @a __str.
5192  */
5193  template<typename _CharT, typename _Traits, typename _Alloc>
5196  basic_string<_CharT, _Traits, _Alloc>& __str, _CharT __delim);
5197 
5198  /**
5199  * @brief Read a line from stream into a string.
5200  * @param __is Input stream.
5201  * @param __str Buffer to store into.
5202  * @return Reference to the input stream.
5203  *
5204  * Stores characters from is into @a __str until &apos;\n&apos; is
5205  * found, the end of the stream is encountered, or str.max_size()
5206  * is reached. Any previous contents of @a __str are erased. If
5207  * end of line is encountered, it is extracted but not stored into
5208  * @a __str.
5209  */
5210  template<typename _CharT, typename _Traits, typename _Alloc>
5214  { return std::getline(__is, __str, __is.widen('\n')); }
5215 
5216 #if __cplusplus >= 201103L
5217  /// Read a line from an rvalue stream into a string.
5218  template<typename _CharT, typename _Traits, typename _Alloc>
5221  basic_string<_CharT, _Traits, _Alloc>& __str, _CharT __delim)
5222  { return std::getline(__is, __str, __delim); }
5223 
5224  /// Read a line from an rvalue stream into a string.
5225  template<typename _CharT, typename _Traits, typename _Alloc>
5229  { return std::getline(__is, __str); }
5230 #endif
5231 
5232  template<>
5235  char __delim);
5236 
5237 #ifdef _GLIBCXX_USE_WCHAR_T
5238  template<>
5241  wchar_t __delim);
5242 #endif
5243 
5244 _GLIBCXX_END_NAMESPACE_VERSION
5245 } // namespace
5246 
5247 #if __cplusplus >= 201103L && defined(_GLIBCXX_USE_C99)
5248 
5249 #include <ext/string_conversions.h>
5250 
5251 namespace std _GLIBCXX_VISIBILITY(default)
5252 {
5253 _GLIBCXX_BEGIN_NAMESPACE_VERSION
5254 _GLIBCXX_BEGIN_NAMESPACE_CXX11
5255 
5256  // 21.4 Numeric Conversions [string.conversions].
5257  inline int
5258  stoi(const string& __str, size_t* __idx = 0, int __base = 10)
5259  { return __gnu_cxx::__stoa<long, int>(&std::strtol, "stoi", __str.c_str(),
5260  __idx, __base); }
5261 
5262  inline long
5263  stol(const string& __str, size_t* __idx = 0, int __base = 10)
5264  { return __gnu_cxx::__stoa(&std::strtol, "stol", __str.c_str(),
5265  __idx, __base); }
5266 
5267  inline unsigned long
5268  stoul(const string& __str, size_t* __idx = 0, int __base = 10)
5269  { return __gnu_cxx::__stoa(&std::strtoul, "stoul", __str.c_str(),
5270  __idx, __base); }
5271 
5272  inline long long
5273  stoll(const string& __str, size_t* __idx = 0, int __base = 10)
5274  { return __gnu_cxx::__stoa(&std::strtoll, "stoll", __str.c_str(),
5275  __idx, __base); }
5276 
5277  inline unsigned long long
5278  stoull(const string& __str, size_t* __idx = 0, int __base = 10)
5279  { return __gnu_cxx::__stoa(&std::strtoull, "stoull", __str.c_str(),
5280  __idx, __base); }
5281 
5282  // NB: strtof vs strtod.
5283  inline float
5284  stof(const string& __str, size_t* __idx = 0)
5285  { return __gnu_cxx::__stoa(&std::strtof, "stof", __str.c_str(), __idx); }
5286 
5287  inline double
5288  stod(const string& __str, size_t* __idx = 0)
5289  { return __gnu_cxx::__stoa(&std::strtod, "stod", __str.c_str(), __idx); }
5290 
5291  inline long double
5292  stold(const string& __str, size_t* __idx = 0)
5293  { return __gnu_cxx::__stoa(&std::strtold, "stold", __str.c_str(), __idx); }
5294 
5295  // NB: (v)snprintf vs sprintf.
5296 
5297  // DR 1261.
5298  inline string
5299  to_string(int __val)
5300  { return __gnu_cxx::__to_xstring<string>(&std::vsnprintf, 4 * sizeof(int),
5301  "%d", __val); }
5302 
5303  inline string
5304  to_string(unsigned __val)
5305  { return __gnu_cxx::__to_xstring<string>(&std::vsnprintf,
5306  4 * sizeof(unsigned),
5307  "%u", __val); }
5308 
5309  inline string
5310  to_string(long __val)
5311  { return __gnu_cxx::__to_xstring<string>(&std::vsnprintf, 4 * sizeof(long),
5312  "%ld", __val); }
5313 
5314  inline string
5315  to_string(unsigned long __val)
5316  { return __gnu_cxx::__to_xstring<string>(&std::vsnprintf,
5317  4 * sizeof(unsigned long),
5318  "%lu", __val); }
5319 
5320  inline string
5321  to_string(long long __val)
5322  { return __gnu_cxx::__to_xstring<string>(&std::vsnprintf,
5323  4 * sizeof(long long),
5324  "%lld", __val); }
5325 
5326  inline string
5327  to_string(unsigned long long __val)
5328  { return __gnu_cxx::__to_xstring<string>(&std::vsnprintf,
5329  4 * sizeof(unsigned long long),
5330  "%llu", __val); }
5331 
5332  inline string
5333  to_string(float __val)
5334  {
5335  const int __n =
5336  __gnu_cxx::__numeric_traits<float>::__max_exponent10 + 20;
5337  return __gnu_cxx::__to_xstring<string>(&std::vsnprintf, __n,
5338  "%f", __val);
5339  }
5340 
5341  inline string
5342  to_string(double __val)
5343  {
5344  const int __n =
5345  __gnu_cxx::__numeric_traits<double>::__max_exponent10 + 20;
5346  return __gnu_cxx::__to_xstring<string>(&std::vsnprintf, __n,
5347  "%f", __val);
5348  }
5349 
5350  inline string
5351  to_string(long double __val)
5352  {
5353  const int __n =
5354  __gnu_cxx::__numeric_traits<long double>::__max_exponent10 + 20;
5355  return __gnu_cxx::__to_xstring<string>(&std::vsnprintf, __n,
5356  "%Lf", __val);
5357  }
5358 
5359 #ifdef _GLIBCXX_USE_WCHAR_T
5360  inline int
5361  stoi(const wstring& __str, size_t* __idx = 0, int __base = 10)
5362  { return __gnu_cxx::__stoa<long, int>(&std::wcstol, "stoi", __str.c_str(),
5363  __idx, __base); }
5364 
5365  inline long
5366  stol(const wstring& __str, size_t* __idx = 0, int __base = 10)
5367  { return __gnu_cxx::__stoa(&std::wcstol, "stol", __str.c_str(),
5368  __idx, __base); }
5369 
5370  inline unsigned long
5371  stoul(const wstring& __str, size_t* __idx = 0, int __base = 10)
5372  { return __gnu_cxx::__stoa(&std::wcstoul, "stoul", __str.c_str(),
5373  __idx, __base); }
5374 
5375  inline long long
5376  stoll(const wstring& __str, size_t* __idx = 0, int __base = 10)
5377  { return __gnu_cxx::__stoa(&std::wcstoll, "stoll", __str.c_str(),
5378  __idx, __base); }
5379 
5380  inline unsigned long long
5381  stoull(const wstring& __str, size_t* __idx = 0, int __base = 10)
5382  { return __gnu_cxx::__stoa(&std::wcstoull, "stoull", __str.c_str(),
5383  __idx, __base); }
5384 
5385  // NB: wcstof vs wcstod.
5386  inline float
5387  stof(const wstring& __str, size_t* __idx = 0)
5388  { return __gnu_cxx::__stoa(&std::wcstof, "stof", __str.c_str(), __idx); }
5389 
5390  inline double
5391  stod(const wstring& __str, size_t* __idx = 0)
5392  { return __gnu_cxx::__stoa(&std::wcstod, "stod", __str.c_str(), __idx); }
5393 
5394  inline long double
5395  stold(const wstring& __str, size_t* __idx = 0)
5396  { return __gnu_cxx::__stoa(&std::wcstold, "stold", __str.c_str(), __idx); }
5397 
5398 #ifndef _GLIBCXX_HAVE_BROKEN_VSWPRINTF
5399  // DR 1261.
5400  inline wstring
5401  to_wstring(int __val)
5402  { return __gnu_cxx::__to_xstring<wstring>(&std::vswprintf, 4 * sizeof(int),
5403  L"%d", __val); }
5404 
5405  inline wstring
5406  to_wstring(unsigned __val)
5407  { return __gnu_cxx::__to_xstring<wstring>(&std::vswprintf,
5408  4 * sizeof(unsigned),
5409  L"%u", __val); }
5410 
5411  inline wstring
5412  to_wstring(long __val)
5413  { return __gnu_cxx::__to_xstring<wstring>(&std::vswprintf, 4 * sizeof(long),
5414  L"%ld", __val); }
5415 
5416  inline wstring
5417  to_wstring(unsigned long __val)
5418  { return __gnu_cxx::__to_xstring<wstring>(&std::vswprintf,
5419  4 * sizeof(unsigned long),
5420  L"%lu", __val); }
5421 
5422  inline wstring
5423  to_wstring(long long __val)
5424  { return __gnu_cxx::__to_xstring<wstring>(&std::vswprintf,
5425  4 * sizeof(long long),
5426  L"%lld", __val); }
5427 
5428  inline wstring
5429  to_wstring(unsigned long long __val)
5430  { return __gnu_cxx::__to_xstring<wstring>(&std::vswprintf,
5431  4 * sizeof(unsigned long long),
5432  L"%llu", __val); }
5433 
5434  inline wstring
5435  to_wstring(float __val)
5436  {
5437  const int __n =
5438  __gnu_cxx::__numeric_traits<float>::__max_exponent10 + 20;
5439  return __gnu_cxx::__to_xstring<wstring>(&std::vswprintf, __n,
5440  L"%f", __val);
5441  }
5442 
5443  inline wstring
5444  to_wstring(double __val)
5445  {
5446  const int __n =
5447  __gnu_cxx::__numeric_traits<double>::__max_exponent10 + 20;
5448  return __gnu_cxx::__to_xstring<wstring>(&std::vswprintf, __n,
5449  L"%f", __val);
5450  }
5451 
5452  inline wstring
5453  to_wstring(long double __val)
5454  {
5455  const int __n =
5456  __gnu_cxx::__numeric_traits<long double>::__max_exponent10 + 20;
5457  return __gnu_cxx::__to_xstring<wstring>(&std::vswprintf, __n,
5458  L"%Lf", __val);
5459  }
5460 #endif // _GLIBCXX_HAVE_BROKEN_VSWPRINTF
5461 #endif
5462 
5463 _GLIBCXX_END_NAMESPACE_CXX11
5464 _GLIBCXX_END_NAMESPACE_VERSION
5465 } // namespace
5466 
5467 #endif /* C++11 && _GLIBCXX_USE_C99 ... */
5468 
5469 #if __cplusplus >= 201103L
5470 
5471 #include <bits/functional_hash.h>
5472 
5473 namespace std _GLIBCXX_VISIBILITY(default)
5474 {
5475 _GLIBCXX_BEGIN_NAMESPACE_VERSION
5476 
5477  // DR 1182.
5478 
5479 #ifndef _GLIBCXX_COMPATIBILITY_CXX0X
5480  /// std::hash specialization for string.
5481  template<>
5482  struct hash<string>
5483  : public __hash_base<size_t, string>
5484  {
5485  size_t
5486  operator()(const string& __s) const noexcept
5487  { return std::_Hash_impl::hash(__s.data(), __s.length()); }
5488  };
5489 
5490  template<>
5491  struct __is_fast_hash<hash<string>> : std::false_type
5492  { };
5493 
5494 #ifdef _GLIBCXX_USE_WCHAR_T
5495  /// std::hash specialization for wstring.
5496  template<>
5497  struct hash<wstring>
5498  : public __hash_base<size_t, wstring>
5499  {
5500  size_t
5501  operator()(const wstring& __s) const noexcept
5502  { return std::_Hash_impl::hash(__s.data(),
5503  __s.length() * sizeof(wchar_t)); }
5504  };
5505 
5506  template<>
5507  struct __is_fast_hash<hash<wstring>> : std::false_type
5508  { };
5509 #endif
5510 #endif /* _GLIBCXX_COMPATIBILITY_CXX0X */
5511 
5512 #ifdef _GLIBCXX_USE_C99_STDINT_TR1
5513  /// std::hash specialization for u16string.
5514  template<>
5515  struct hash<u16string>
5516  : public __hash_base<size_t, u16string>
5517  {
5518  size_t
5519  operator()(const u16string& __s) const noexcept
5520  { return std::_Hash_impl::hash(__s.data(),
5521  __s.length() * sizeof(char16_t)); }
5522  };
5523 
5524  template<>
5525  struct __is_fast_hash<hash<u16string>> : std::false_type
5526  { };
5527 
5528  /// std::hash specialization for u32string.
5529  template<>
5530  struct hash<u32string>
5531  : public __hash_base<size_t, u32string>
5532  {
5533  size_t
5534  operator()(const u32string& __s) const noexcept
5535  { return std::_Hash_impl::hash(__s.data(),
5536  __s.length() * sizeof(char32_t)); }
5537  };
5538 
5539  template<>
5540  struct __is_fast_hash<hash<u32string>> : std::false_type
5541  { };
5542 #endif
5543 
5544 #if __cplusplus > 201103L
5545 
5546 #define __cpp_lib_string_udls 201304
5547 
5548  inline namespace literals
5549  {
5550  inline namespace string_literals
5551  {
5552 
5553  _GLIBCXX_DEFAULT_ABI_TAG
5554  inline basic_string<char>
5555  operator""s(const char* __str, size_t __len)
5556  { return basic_string<char>{__str, __len}; }
5557 
5558 #ifdef _GLIBCXX_USE_WCHAR_T
5559  _GLIBCXX_DEFAULT_ABI_TAG
5560  inline basic_string<wchar_t>
5561  operator""s(const wchar_t* __str, size_t __len)
5562  { return basic_string<wchar_t>{__str, __len}; }
5563 #endif
5564 
5565 #ifdef _GLIBCXX_USE_C99_STDINT_TR1
5566  _GLIBCXX_DEFAULT_ABI_TAG
5567  inline basic_string<char16_t>
5568  operator""s(const char16_t* __str, size_t __len)
5569  { return basic_string<char16_t>{__str, __len}; }
5570 
5571  _GLIBCXX_DEFAULT_ABI_TAG
5572  inline basic_string<char32_t>
5573  operator""s(const char32_t* __str, size_t __len)
5574  { return basic_string<char32_t>{__str, __len}; }
5575 #endif
5576 
5577  } // inline namespace string_literals
5578  } // inline namespace literals
5579 
5580 #endif // __cplusplus > 201103L
5581 
5582 _GLIBCXX_END_NAMESPACE_VERSION
5583 } // namespace std
5584 
5585 #endif // C++11
5586 
5587 #endif /* _BASIC_STRING_H */
basic_string & replace(iterator __i1, iterator __i2, const basic_string &__str)
Replace range of characters with string.
reference operator[](size_type __pos)
Subscript access to the data contained in the string.
const_reference operator[](size_type __pos) const noexcept
Subscript access to the data contained in the string.
size_type max_size() const noexcept
Returns the size() of the largest possible string.
basic_string & operator=(const basic_string &__str)
Assign the value of str to this string.
std::basic_istream< _CharT, _Traits > & operator>>(std::basic_istream< _CharT, _Traits > &__is, bitset< _Nb > &__x)
Global I/O operators for bitsets.
Definition: bitset:1462
size_type find_last_of(_CharT __c, size_type __pos=npos) const noexcept
Find last position of a character.
basic_string()
Default constructor creates an empty string.
basic_string & append(_InputIterator __first, _InputIterator __last)
Append a range of characters.
basic_string & operator=(const _CharT *__s)
Copy contents of s into this string.
Marking input iterators.
Basis for explicit traits specializations.
Definition: char_traits.h:227
basic_string & append(const _CharT *__s)
Append a C string.
const_reference at(size_type __n) const
Provides access to the data contained in the string.
const_iterator cend() const noexcept
basic_string & operator=(_CharT __c)
Set value to string of length 1.
basic_string & assign(initializer_list< _CharT > __l)
Set value to an initializer_list of characters.
basic_string & replace(iterator __i1, iterator __i2, const _CharT *__s)
Replace range of characters with C string.
const_iterator begin() const noexcept
basic_string & replace(size_type __pos, size_type __n, const basic_string &__str)
Replace characters with value from another string.
iterator insert(iterator __p, _CharT __c)
Insert one character.
size_type find_first_of(_CharT __c, size_type __pos=0) const noexcept
Find position of a character.
basic_string & assign(basic_string &&__str)
Set value to contents of another string.
basic_string & assign(size_type __n, _CharT __c)
Set value to multiple characters.
basic_string & assign(const basic_string &__str)
Set value to contents of another string.
size_type rfind(const _CharT *__s, size_type __pos=npos) const
Find last position of a C string.
~basic_string() noexcept
Destroy the string instance.
basic_string & insert(size_type __pos, const _CharT *__s)
Insert a C string.
void insert(iterator __p, size_type __n, _CharT __c)
Insert multiple characters.
size_type find(const basic_string &__str, size_type __pos=0) const noexcept
Find position of a string.
basic_string(basic_string &&__str) noexcept
Move construct string.
basic_string & insert(size_type __pos, size_type __n, _CharT __c)
Insert multiple characters.
basic_string & replace(iterator __i1, iterator __i2, const _CharT *__s, size_type __n)
Replace range of characters with C substring.
basic_string & operator=(basic_string &&__str)
Move assign the value of str to this string.
size_type find_last_of(const _CharT *__s, size_type __pos=npos) const
Find last position of a character of C string.
int compare(const basic_string &__str) const
Compare to a string.
bool empty() const noexcept
basic_string & insert(size_type __pos1, const basic_string &__str, size_type __pos2, size_type __n)
Insert a substring.
basic_string & append(initializer_list< _CharT > __l)
Append an initializer_list of characters.
reference back()
size_type find(const _CharT *__s, size_type __pos, size_type __n) const
Find position of a C substring.
basic_string & replace(iterator __i1, iterator __i2, size_type __n, _CharT __c)
Replace range of characters with multiple characters.
size_type find_last_not_of(const basic_string &__str, size_type __pos=npos) const noexcept
Find last position of a character not in string.
Managing sequences of characters and character-like objects.
basic_string & append(const basic_string &__str)
Append a string to this string.
size_type find_first_not_of(const _CharT *__s, size_type __pos=0) const
Find position of a character not in C string.
void resize(size_type __n)
Resizes the string to the specified number of characters.
Template class basic_ostream.
Definition: iosfwd:86
const_reverse_iterator rend() const noexcept
initializer_list
const_reverse_iterator crbegin() const noexcept
basic_string & assign(_InputIterator __first, _InputIterator __last)
Set value to a range of characters.
void pop_back()
Remove the last character.
_GLIBCXX14_CONSTEXPR const _Tp & min(const _Tp &, const _Tp &)
This does what you think it does.
Definition: stl_algobase.h:195
size_type find_first_not_of(const basic_string &__str, size_type __pos=0) const noexcept
Find position of a character not in string.
size_type find(const _CharT *__s, size_type __pos=0) const
Find position of a C string.
basic_string & replace(size_type __pos, size_type __n1, size_type __n2, _CharT __c)
Replace characters with multiple characters.
complex< _Tp > operator+(const complex< _Tp > &__x, const complex< _Tp > &__y)
Return new complex value x plus y.
Definition: complex:326
reference front()
basic_string & operator+=(const basic_string &__str)
Append a string to this string.
const_reverse_iterator crend() const noexcept
One of the comparison functors.
Definition: stl_function.h:341
Primary class template hash.
Definition: system_error:134
void insert(iterator __p, initializer_list< _CharT > __l)
Insert an initializer_list of characters.
void reserve(size_type __res_arg=0)
Attempt to preallocate enough memory for specified number of characters.
char_type widen(char __c) const
Widens characters.
Definition: basic_ios.h:449
basic_string & replace(size_type __pos, size_type __n1, const _CharT *__s)
Replace characters with value of a C string.
basic_string & replace(size_type __pos1, size_type __n1, const basic_string &__str, size_type __pos2, size_type __n2)
Replace characters with value from another string.
size_type find_last_of(const basic_string &__str, size_type __pos=npos) const noexcept
Find last position of a character of string.
void resize(size_type __n, _CharT __c)
Resizes the string to the specified number of characters.
Uniform interface to all pointer-like types.
Definition: ptr_traits.h:132
iterator erase(iterator __position)
Remove one character.
size_type copy(_CharT *__s, size_type __n, size_type __pos=0) const
Copy substring into C string.
size_type find_first_of(const basic_string &__str, size_type __pos=0) const noexcept
Find position of a character of string.
const _CharT * c_str() const noexcept
Return const pointer to null-terminated contents.
size_type find_first_of(const _CharT *__s, size_type __pos=0) const
Find position of a character of C string.
basic_string & assign(const basic_string &__str, size_type __pos, size_type __n)
Set value to a substring of a string.
size_type rfind(const basic_string &__str, size_type __pos=npos) const noexcept
Find last position of a string.
integral_constant
Definition: type_traits:69
basic_string & replace(iterator __i1, iterator __i2, _InputIterator __k1, _InputIterator __k2)
Replace range of characters with range.
void insert(iterator __p, _InputIterator __beg, _InputIterator __end)
Insert a range of characters.
reverse_iterator rend()
const_iterator cbegin() const noexcept
const_iterator end() const noexcept
basic_string & insert(size_type __pos1, const basic_string &__str)
Insert value of a string.
const_reverse_iterator rbegin() const noexcept
_Siter_base< _Iterator >::iterator_type __base(_Iterator __it)
Definition: functions.h:558
const_reference back() const noexcept
Template class basic_istream.
Definition: iosfwd:83
basic_string & erase(size_type __pos=0, size_type __n=npos)
Remove characters.
void push_back(_CharT __c)
Append a single character.
void swap(basic_string &__s)
Swap contents with another string.
static const size_type npos
Value returned by various member functions when they fail.
reverse_iterator rbegin()
allocator_type get_allocator() const noexcept
Return copy of allocator used to construct this string.
reference at(size_type __n)
Provides access to the data contained in the string.
basic_string & operator+=(const _CharT *__s)
Append a C string.
basic_string & assign(const _CharT *__s)
Set value to contents of a C string.
const_reference front() const noexcept
Forward iterators support a superset of input iterator operations.
size_type size() const noexcept
Returns the number of characters in the string, not including any null-termination.
const _CharT * data() const noexcept
Return const pointer to contents.
basic_string & operator=(initializer_list< _CharT > __l)
Set value to string constructed from initializer list.
basic_string & operator+=(_CharT __c)
Append a character.
ISO C++ entities toplevel namespace is std.
basic_string & operator+=(initializer_list< _CharT > __l)
Append an initializer_list of characters.
basic_string substr(size_type __pos=0, size_type __n=npos) const
Get a substring.
size_type capacity() const noexcept
Uniform interface to C++98 and C++0x allocators.
void shrink_to_fit() noexcept
A non-binding request to reduce capacity() to size().
basic_istream< _CharT, _Traits > & getline(basic_istream< _CharT, _Traits > &__is, basic_string< _CharT, _Traits, _Alloc > &__str, _CharT __delim)
Read a line from stream into a string.
basic_string & replace(iterator __i1, iterator __i2, initializer_list< _CharT > __l)
Replace range of characters with initializer_list.
size_type find_last_not_of(const _CharT *__s, size_type __pos=npos) const
Find last position of a character not in C string.
size_type length() const noexcept
Returns the number of characters in the string, not including any null-termination.